Kohhran lungphum lungpui: Petra vs peTros
Thuhmahruai
Petra tih hi Thutlung Tharah hian hmun 15-ah kan hmu a; heng zinga 9-te hi Synoptic Gospel (Mt.-5, Mk.-1. Lk.-3)-ah hman a ni a, Paula Lehkhathawnah vawi 3 hman niin 1 Peter ah vawi 1, Thupuanah vawi 2 hman a ni.
Greek tawng tuallenga hman dan
Petra tih hi Greek tawng tualleng (secular) ah chuan ‘lung lian leh sakhat tak’ (large and solid rock) tihna ani a. Lungpui kham (cliff) emaw, lung tlâng (rocky mountain) pawh a kawk bawk.[1] Tawngkam mawihnai (figure of speech) zawnga an hman chuan petra chu ‘nghehna’ (firmness) emaw, che sawn lo (immovability) sawi nan an hmang bawk. Petra tih tak hi feminine gender (a nu lam sawina) a ni a, petros hi masculine gender (a pa lam sawina) a ni thung a, lung awm fal deuh (isolated rocks, a chunga kan sawi anga a tlâng pumpui anga awm lo tihna a ni thei ang) tihna emaw, lung te deuh (small stone) tihna te a ni a. saihlum emaw, tiau lung (sairawkherha perh tawk vel) sawina te pawh hi a ni vek mai.[2] Chutih rual erawh chuan tuna kan sawi ang thlarh thlarh chauh hian hmana ni chuang lova, petra leh petros hi hman pawlh nawk nawk chang a awm bawk.[3]
Septuagint (Greek tawng Bible) lamah chuan petra tih hian lungpui (rock) emaw kham (cliff) tihna emaw a kawk deuh bik a (Ex. 17:6; Ps. 80:16); petros tih tak hi hman a ni meuh lo.[4]
Hebrai tawnga Petra (Gk) tlukpui chu tsur (רוּצ) leh ales (עַלֶס) a ni a. Tsur tih hi Pathian hming atana hmanna pawh a awm (Dt. 32:4 etc.).
Thuthlung Thara petra Hmannate
1. A ngiala ngana hmanna
1 Kor. 10:4; Rom. 9:33; 1 Pet. 2:8 leh Mt. 16:18-ahte hian kawh tum nei bika hman a ni a. A bak zawngah hi chuan ‘lung’ tak tak, awmze hran neihtir tuma sawi a ni lo. Mk. 15:46; Mt. 27:60 te hian lungpui (petra) atanga ker thlan an sawi mai a. Chutiangin Mt. 27:51; Lk. 8:6 ; Mt. 7:24–27; Lk. 6:47–49 etc. leh hian kan hmuha kan khawih theih ‘lung’ hi an sawi naran mai a ni.
2. 1 Kor. 10:4
He changah hian Paula hian Ex. 17 leh Num. 20 thua Mosian Horeb lungpui atang tui a vuak chhuah chungchang kha a sawi a. Heta lungpui hi Krista a ni a. 1 Kor. 10:4-ah hian chiang em em maiin chu lungpui chu Krista a ni tih a sawi.
3. Rom. 9:33
Rom. 9:33 thuah hian Paulan Thuthlung Hlui hmun hniha mi (Is 28:16 leh 8:14) a lak kawp kan hmu a:
“Ngai teh, Zionah chuan tlukna lung leh
Dalna lungpui ka dah a,
Tupawh amah ring apiang chu
A mualpho lo vang,”
tih ziak ang khan.
He changa tlukna lung (lithos-stone) leh dalna lungpui (petra-lungpui) te hi eng dang ni lovin Krista sawina atan Paula hian a hmang tih ka hre thei ang. Is. 28:16 leh 8:14-te hi Pathian sawina a ti tih hre bawk ila. Heta kan sawi tlang tum chu, Thuthlung Hlui leh Tharah hian lung hi Pathian sawina atan hman a ni nasa hle a ni tih hi a ni.[5]
4. Mt. 16:18 (→ 104, 23 ff.)
He thu hi thu khirh leh sawi hlawh tak, hriat chian harsa tak mai si a ni a. Thil pakhat erawh chu chiang ang reng tak a awm: tumah lungpui (petra) tia koh an awm lo tih hi. Lung (stone-lithos) tih erawh chu a awm (1 Pet. 2:5). Krista chauh hi petra (lungpui) tia koh awm chhun chu a ni, han ti ringawt phawt mai ila. Kan la chhui chho zel ang a. Mt. 16:18 ah hian Isuan, “Tin, nang Petera i ni tih ka hrilh bawk a che; he lungpui chungah hian ka kohhranho ka rem chho ang a, Mitthi Khaw kulh kawngkharte chuan chu chu an ngam lo vang,” tiin a sawi a. Hei tak hi kan buaina mek chu a ni. Nang ‘Petera’ i ni, tih lai taka mi hi ‘Petros’ a ni a, ‘he lungpui’ a tih taka mi hi ‘petra’ chu a ni. Petros tih hi masculine gender a ni a, petra hi feminine gender a ni tih hre nawn leh phawt ila.
Thuthlung Thar mithiam lar tak pakhat, Oskar Cullmann-a chuan heta petros leh petra hi thil dang teh chiamah a ngai lova. Petra pawh hi Petera sawina niin a ngai. A ngaihdan chuan he Petera ngei hi petra hi a ni a, a rinna emaw, a thupuanchhuah (confession) chauh emaw hi ni lovin a mah mihringa ngei kha ani a. Petera nihna ropui tak leh apostol famkim a nihna a lang a ni, a ti. Isua hian ‘Thlarau In,’ Kohhran hi a sa a, Petera chu chu kohhran lungphum chu a ni ta a ni, tiin a hrilhfiah.[6] R. Pesch, Thuthlung Thar mithiam pakhat pawhin ngaihtuah buai miah lovin heta lungpui/petra hi Petera a ni a, ‘Noble Rock, Peter’, Kohhran lungphum chu a ni, tiin fiah fel takin a tlip.[7] Eduard Schweizer-a phei chuan uar takin, ‘Petera hi lung te (stone) ang te pawhin han awm bawk thin mah se lungpui (rock) chu a ni reng a. Chutiang bawkin apostol zawng zawngte leh zawlneite pawh kha kohhran dinna lungphum chu an ni vek a ni,’ a ti nghe nghe.[8] Mithiam ropui tak Albright-a phei chuan a duhtawh khawp mai a, ‘Hei hi lungpui ang maia Petera, kohhran lungphum a nihna puanchhuahna a ni a. Petera chungnunzia sawina a ni. Chumi kan awih loh chuan hemi tuma thil thleng hi kan pawm loh a ngai ang,’ a ti hmiah mai a ni.[9] R. T. France-a phei chuan hemi sawifiah nan hian Protestant kohhran a khak tel zauh va. Protestant-hovin Roman Catholic kohhran (heta Isuan Petera a sawina hi Rome bishop-ho sawina pawh a ni zui zel ani tia ngaitute) an beihna uchuak tak a ni a. Protestant ngaihdan chuan he lungpui hi Petera ni lovin Petera ‘rinna’ kha a ni, tiin a sawi.[10] He ngaihdan hi Roman Catholic scholar hovin an humhim nasa hle.
Mi thenkhat chuan he ‘lung’ (petra) hi Petera rinna (faith) sawina niin an ngai a, a dang leh chuan Petera thupuan (confession), ‘Isua chu Krista i ni’ tih thu sawina niin an ngai thung.[11]
Hagner-a thlirna hi thlirna fel tak a ni awm e. A ngaihdan chuan a chunga kan sawi anga he Petra hi Petera a nih dawn chuan kohhran hi Isua Krista lungphuma innghat a ni tih hi kan awih loh a ngai ang. Isua ni lovin Petera hi kohhran lungphum chu a ni tihna ani ang a, Isua hi a dintu tak chu niin Aspostol te kha Isua kal tlanga hna thawktute mai an ni tih hi kan phatsan hial a ngai ang.[12] George A. F. Knight-a comment hi pawmawm tak a ni. Ani chuan heta petra hi tu dang mah ni lovin ‘Kristaa-Pathian awm’ (God-in Christ) a ni, tiin a sawi.[13]
Kan hriat ngei tur pakhat chu heta petra leh petros hi Aramaic leh Greek tawnga word play nalh tak a ni tih hi a ni. Word play a nih avangin rang taka ngaihdan siam hmanhawh mai loh a tha ang.
Paulan “Lungphum rem tawh sa lo chu lungphum dang tuman an rem thei tawh si lo va, chu lungphum chu Isua Krista chu a ni, (1 Kor. 3:11) tia a sawi hi hlamchhiah loh a tul khawp mai. Paula hian Petera a ni emaw, tu dang mah hi lungphum chu a ni lova, Isua Krista chauh hi a ni tiin a nemnghet a ni. Petera hi he lungpui (petra) hi ni turah han ngai chhin ta ila. Mithhi khaw kulh kawngkhar (hades) pawhin a ngam loh tur a ni a. Thihnain a ngam rual loh tur Isua kohhran din a sawina a ni. Chu kohhran ropui tak chu Petera, a zia atanga a hming phuah tur phei chu ni ta se Lalnghingngheta tih mai tur ni awm tak, chunga innghat ni theiin a lang lova; chatuan kohhran lungphum atan chuan mihring hi ni theiin a lang lo.
He word play hian rilru mumal put hleihtheih lohnaah min hruai lut deuh roh tlat mai a. Heti hian ngaihdan han siam chhin ta ila. Paula hian Korinth Khuaa mite hnena lehkha a thawn lai vel hian (CE 55/56 Nipui lai vel) Peter-a pawh a la dam ngei a. Thua inhlan chhawn atanga kan hriat dan chuan Petera hi Rome khawpuiah Nero-an Kristian a tihduhdah tum khan kum 75 mi vel niin 67 CE ah ama duh dan ngeiin a letlingzawnga khenbeh niin a thi ta ni awm e. An sawi dan chuan Ka Lalpa thihdana thi tlak ka ni love tiin a letlingzawnga khenbeh a thlang a ni an ti. [14] Paula leh Petera te pahnih hi rawngbawlna lamah pawh an lo inhmu fo tawhin an titiho fo tawh a (Gal. 1:18; 2:11). Paula hian kohhran lungphum hi ‘Krista a ni’ tiin chiang takin a sawi kawk mai a (1 Kor. 3:11). Isua Krista nge Petera hi kohhran lungphum ni zawk tih zawhna leh, Petera ngei hi a ni zawk tih thu inchuh emaw hi awm ni sela chuan Korinth kohhran mite emaw, Petera nihna ropui tak (Kohhran lungphum, Isua ngeiin a nemngeh) hrechianga tan tlattute khan Paula hi a sawi dik lohvah puhin siamremtirna emaw, helam hawia thusawi hi a awm ngei tur a ni. Petera ngei pawh hian kohhran lungphum chu amah ngei a ni a, ama chungah Isuan a phum a ni tih hi a sawi uar deuh ngei a rinawm.
A tawngbul lama kan chhui tawh ang khian petra leh petros hman hran kher a ni hian ngaihtuahna pakhat dang a siam leh bawk. Isuan Petera hnenah, “Nang Petera i ni tih ka hrilh bawk a che…” tiin a sawi a. Hetia a sawi lai mek hian Isua hian, “Chuvangin i chungah hian ka kohhranho ka rem chho anga…” tin sawi zui ngei awm a ni bawk. Petera vek hi ‘he lungpui’ chungah hian…tiha ‘lungpui’ hi ni ta sela chuan petros atanga petra, a gender thlak danglam vek khawpa tawng thupa sawi kher a ngai lovang. ‘Nang hi lungpui chu i ni a, he lungpui chungah hian …tiin a sawi ngeiin a rinawm.
Apostol te hnu lama Kohhran Pate ngaihdan
Kohhran Pate zinga tam tak erawh chuan Thutlung Hluia lung (rock leh stone) sawina hi (a ngiala ngana sawina tih lohvah chuan) Isua kawk vekin an ngai thung.[15]
[1] Hom.Od., 3, 293; 4, 501.
[2] Xen.An., VII, 7, 54; Plat.Leg., VIII, 843a; Hom.Il., 7, 270; Pind.Olymp., 10, 72; Soph.Phil., 296.
[3] Hom.Od., 9, 243; Hes.Theog., 675; Soph.Oed. Col., 1595 etc.
[4] 2 Macc. 1:16; 4:41
[5] Oskar Cullmann, “petra,” Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, vol. VI, edited by Gerhard Friedrich (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1968 [2006]), 98 (95-99).
[6] Cullmann, “petra,” TDNT, vol.VI, 99.
[7] R. Pesch, “petra,” Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, vol. 3 (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, [1990], 1994), 81.
[8] Eduard Schweizer, The Good News According to Matthew (Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1975), 341.
[9] William Foxwell Albright and C. S. Mann, The Anchor Bible: Matthew (New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1971), 195.ff
[10] R. T. France, Tyndale New Testament Commentary: The Gospel According to Matthew (Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press; Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1985), 254.
[11] Robert H. Mounce, New International BIlbilcal Commentary: Matthew, edited by W. Ward Gasque (Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, 1985 [1998]), 162.
[12] Donald A. Hagner, Word Biblical Commentary, Volume 33b: Matthew 14-28, (Dallas, Texas: Word Books, Publisher) 1998.
[13] George A. F. Knight, “Thou Art Peter,” Theology Today - vol .17, no. 2 - July 1960, 179.
[14] James M. Gray, “Peter, Simon,” The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia.
[15] Acc. to Herm.s., 9, 2–14; . Pol., 1, 1; Just. says in Dial., 113, 6; Dial., 114, 4, Cullmann, “petra,” TDNT, vol.VI, 99.
