Bung 4

duhthlanna zalên luhchilhna: bible thlirna a|angin

Bung hmasa lamah khan duhthlanna zalên chungchânga TMEF pawmdan leh inzirtir dan kan thlûr bing tawh a. Tunah chuan hemi thu vek hi Bible thlirna hmangin kan chhui chiang ang a. Chuvangin a tul zualpui tih loh chu sawi nawn tawh lovin kan luhchhuak tawp tawp zel tawh ang.

Kan sawi tawh angin duhthlanna zalên leh duhna zalên tia thliar hran hi TMEF zirtirna laipui pakhat a ni a. Chumi atan chuan Bible châng \henkhat la chhuakin an hrilhfiah \hin a. Heng zinga a pawimawh zual \henkhat hi, an hawizawng leh an thu kenten he thu thliar hran hna hi a thawhpui nge sawi tum dang a nei tih kan hriatfiah lehzual theih nan a chepa kaia chhuiin bih chian kan tum dawn a ni.

(a) Genesis 3:1-13.

He thu kan chhiar ruala lo lang nghal chu ‘Evin chhia leh \ha hriatna thei kha a ei ngei a ni’ tih hi a ni awm e. Amaherawhchu Evi chuan zahzel insiam chawpin rul chu amah titlutua puhin insawi fihlim a tum a.

He thu-ah hian TMEF hian \anfung tha tak a neiin a lang. Kohhran Pa John Calvin-a ngeiin verther taka Setanan Evi a hruaipen thu a sawi a.[1] Evi \awngkam kha chîk zawka kan ngaihtuah chuan thil inthup tam tak a awm a ni. Evi chuan rul hnenah huan lai taka thei awm chu a tawh pawh tawk tur an nih loh thu a hrilh a (Gen 3:3). Rulin a vehthlemna, “Pathianin, ‘Huana thing rah reng reng hi in ei tur a ni lo,’ a ti elo maw?”[2] (Has God really said…?)[3] tih thu-ah hian rinhlelhtirnna emaw \hawnthutna (surprise)[4] emaw chhântîr ngei tur zawhna pehhel[5] emaw a inzep tlat a ni. Zawhna zâwttu hian a thil tum a thup thiam em avangin Evi tan chuan lo hmakhalh a harsa hle ang tih a hriatthiampuiawm kkhawp mai. A nihna takah chuan rul khan a zâwt tak tak a ni lova, verther takin thudik awmsa a kuai peng lui a ni zawk.[6]

Dik chiah chuan hei hi mak ti awm taka lanna der, inbumna a ni. Evi zahzel \awngkam, bum (beguiled) tih hi a \awng bul lamah chuan thil tihtir (causative form) sawina a ni a.[7] Evi chu engin emaw thil a tihtîr tihna niin a lang. Chuvangin TMEF \anfung, rulin Evi a bum/tihder a ni tih hi thil ni thei awm tak a ni. Skinner-a, ziaktu ropui tak chuan, ‘rul sualna kha A hriatsak vek a, a tih awm rêng a tih vangin Pathian pawhin rul hnenah khan zawhna a zawt ve lo a ni,’ a ti bawk.[8] A lo bum tak zet niin a lang chiang lehzual thei awm e.

Hemi chinah hi chuan TMEF thu pawmdan (rulin Evi a bum a, a duhthlanna zalên /duhna zalên [free will] khan a thawh tur ang a thawk thei lo a ni) hi an hriatthiamawm khawp mai. Pawmdan chi khat a ni ve mai.

Kawng leh lamah chuan heng mi ropui tak takte thu ziak leh Bible zir chianna hian thu thûk lehzual min hrilh hriat tur tam tak an nei tho mai. Wenham-a vêk hian Evi thu sawi, ‘A tawh pawh in tawk tur a ni lo,’ tia Pathian khapna thupêk a belhchhah chiam mai hi ‘\awng uchuak a ni,’ a ti a; ‘Pathian lak a\angin a pêng bo hret hret a, sual lam a awn \an tawh tih a hriat reng a ni’ a ti.[9] Skinner-a ngei pawh hian ‘Gen 3:5 hnu a\ang hi chuan thlarau lam thlemna chu a tawp ta a, rûl chuan thil lo awm zel tur chu Evi tih atana khêkin a ral thlir ta mai a ni’ a ti bawk.[10] Hamilton-a pawhin he thu hi belhchhahin, ‘Evi chuan Pathian thu aiin ama rilru leh thutlûkna chu amah kaihruaitu a tan a lo hmang ta zawk a ni’ tiin a sawi bawk.[11]

Adaman a nupui a hmangaih vang liau liauva thei ei ve ta mai nia TMEF sawi pawh hi[12] a ziaktu [Genesis-a tlukna thu ziaktu-Bible] ziah tum dan a ni lo hrim hrim ti ila a sual lovang.[13] TMEF ngaihdan hi lo dik teh rêng pawh nise Adama hi ama duh thu ngeia bawhchhia a ni tih a chiang tawlh tawlh tihna pawh a lo ni thei ang a, mahni ke phet an ni tho vang.

A thu hrimah kha inbiakna kha Evi leh rul inkar chauhva thil thleng a nih avangin Adama chu bum a ni ve hauh lo niin a lang. Evi hnen a\ang khan thei chu la-in a ei ve ta mai a ni. Hei hian Adama chu khapna leh zirtirna zawng zawng dawngtu dik tak a ni a, bum pawh ni ve lovin thei ei phal loh chu ama duhthlanna ngeiin a ei ta a ni tih a tilang. Chuvangin Adama chu bum loh, mahse chhuanlam awm thei miah lova ama thua inbarhlut (participated without excuse) a ni tih hmiah mai tur a ni.[14] Heng thu \henkhat ngawt pawh hian duhthlanna hmansual a nih dan an tichiang thawkhat viau tawh a ni.

He thu inthlep kual vel hi chhui chian a ngai khawp mai. India ram Presbyterian Kohhran Thurin pangana (ama duh thu ngeia mihring bawhchhiatna) nena a inrem lohna lai tak pawh a ni reng a ni.

Thei ei chungchânga Evi dinhmun hi han chhui hlek ila. Thei an ei avanga Pathian an lo an theih dan tur dawt thuin Setana khan Evi kha chu a bum ngei mai a. A chhia leh a \ha hriatna thei an ei avangin Pathian ang tak tak sela chuan a bum kan ti thei lovang; nimahsela dawt kha thu tak sawia sawiin a awihtîr a, chuvangin Evi chu bum a ni kan ti thei ang.

Danin a khap thil bawhchhetute hi dan an hriat loh avanga bawhchhia pawh nise dan hriat lohna chuan thiam a chantîr zo chuang lo. Dan chu chhuanlam pakhat mah siam lova zawm mai tur a ni. Hre lo chunga bawhchhetu pawh pawikhawih a ni tho va; chuvangin hremna a pumpelh thei chuang lo. Hmai hma ngeia hrilh ni ve lo mah sela Evi chuan thei ei lo tura Pathian thupêk chu a hria a ni. Kha thupêk hrulah khan hlawhtlinna thar ni awm taka lang a lo chhuak thar ta! Nimahsela chu thu rawn sawitu chu Evi ngei pawhin Pathian a ni lo tih a hai lo. Thu dang rawn ri chhuak mah sela Pathian thupêk ding lai, ‘in ei tur a ni lo,’ tih chu a ngheh ngaiin a la nghet reng a ni. An ei avanga Pathian an an tur thu emaw, an an loh tur thu emaw phei chu A sawi lo. Chu chu a hriat chian em avangin Evi meuh pawhin a hnial ve \ang \ang a nih kha. Chutia buma a awm mek lai pawh chuan Pathianin, ‘ei loh tur’ a tih chu a theihnghilh chuang lova. Hre reng chungin a ei lui a, chuvangin Evi pawh chu ama duh thu ngeia tisual a ni.

John Calvin-a ngaihdan leh zirtirdan hi \anfung lian takah hman loh hleih theih a ni lo. A ni pawh hian Setana dâwt thu (falsehood) lama an beng an dawh thu a sawi chiang a. Calvin-a sawidan chuan Evi thinlung chu Pathian thuawihna lak a\angin a thle kawi ta tlat a. Amah leh a hriatnate (senses) chu intibawlhhlawh/intibuangbarin (corrupted) chhiatna (depravity) chu a rilru (soul) leh a taksa zawng zawngah a \aidarh ta a ni a ti.[15]

Bible hrilhfiahna râwn tlâk zet mai New Interpreter’s Bible sawidan hi a ngaihnawm khawp mai. He lehkhabu-in a sawidan chuan kha thlêmna thu-ah khan rûl kha thlemna tiawlsamtu (facilitator) a ni ve mai a. Rul khan thil awm thei a sawi satliah ve mai a ni; a chhan chu tihluihna chi reng reng emaw, amah ngeiin thei chu laa awhsîk/awhsanna reng reng emaw a thawh hauh lova. Engkim mai chu thiltih ni lovin thu ngawta tih vek a ni. Hriatna/finna nei thei tura zalenna an neih hmang chiah khan an tih tih ti turin thu an titlu ta a ni (they determined what they did). Rûl pawh chu thlemna hnâr a nihna a bo bik chuan loh avangin thiam loh chantir a ni ve ta tho a ni.[16]

Chutiang bawkin Evi chu bum a nih ngei thu leh Adama zawk pawh Evin a hmin tak thu hi ziaktu dangte ngaihdan pawh a ni reng a. Amaherawhchu ama duhzawng leh Pathian duhzawng thlanga thliar fel tur a nih mek lai chuan Adama chuan Pathianin a din chhan chu hnawlin ama thuin a pêng bo ta a ni.[17] Adama duhthlanna chu nêm leh hruai kawi awlsam tak (pliable) a ni a; mahse chu a duhna hmang vêk chuan a tlu lo thei ang tih hi John Calvin-a ngaihdan a ni. Thil \ha leh \ha lo thlang thei a la ni fan fan a ni a ti bawk.[18]

Mihring tluk thu hi khawvel thiamna hmangin finfiah theih niin ni suh sela thil chiang tak erawh a awm rêng rêng a. Pathian dan bawhchhe tura an duhthlanna zalên hmang sual tura tihluih emaw, hruai pen luih emaw an ni hauh lo. Bible hrilhfiahtu ropui tak takte zinga a tam berin heti lam hawi zawng zel hian an sawi a ni.

Evi leh Adama hi an tlu ngei a; tuman an hnial lova. Tu vang leh eng vanga tlu nge tih thu-ah inhnialna a awm a ni. Hei hi ringtu, Isua Krista siam tharte tan chuan inhnialna leh buaina tur a ni lova. Tlukna mawh hi Evi, Setana (rul) leh Adama-te insemsawm tur ni ta sela tunge awrh rit ber ang? Setana chu a hnar (source), Evi chu a titu, Adama chu hre reng chunga bawhchhe zui zattu te pawh a tih theih ang chu. Chuti nise tunge fihlim? Tumah an fihlim lo. Setana, fing vervêk, dawt pa chuan a tih awm rêng a ti a ni. Ngun taka enkawl mek, Siamtu siam Huan Bîk chhunga cheng, Pathianin Ama anpuia a siam, A duatlai mihringte hi eng tiang chiaha ropuia thuam nge an nih ang le? Chu’ng Pathian anpuia siamte (Evi a ni emaw Adama a ni emaw a lêm chuang lo) chu paih thlâk tawh hnu Setana thlemna (thu ngawta thlemna, tihluihna tel hauh lo lehnghal) do thei tura siam a ni ang em?

Bawhchhiat hnua A mite a enkawl zui zelna te, duhthlan tur vawi duai lo siamsaktu Pathianin a mite zalenna a zahsakna thu (ama anpuia a siam a nih avangin a hmangaih si a) leh tur luih ni lo hmangaihna chhan lêtna rah chhuah a phût thu Thuthlung Hluia khat tlat hian tlûk hmaa mihringte dinhmun ropui turzia a tar lang fiah tawk a ni. Eden huan leh nungcha tinrengte enkawla lei rahchhuahte an chaw atana hman phalsak mihringte leh Pathian inlaichinna hi a nêp lova. Thei ei thiang lo an ei hrim hrimna kha sual niin Setanan bawiha a neihna kawng awm chhun ni ta sela chuan Pathian lak a\anga hel rap rap ngam Setana, vantirhkoh chungnung ni \hin chuan Evi leh Adama chu a tha rum thawhin thei chu a barh lui ang a, a eitir ang a, tichuan a sal tang an lo ni mai ang.

Mahse Pathian fate (Lk. 3:38) chu paih thlak tawh hnu mai mai chuan chutiangin a ti si lo, tih pawh a ti thei lo. Hnawl hnu Setana leh a hote hi engtizia nge mite thlema sualna an la thlen theih cheu ni ang? Pathian chuan dah \ha-in sualna thlen tur rêng rêng awm ta lo sela Pathian fapa thih kher ngai lo khan khawvel a kal thei mai lovem ni, nge Pathianin Setana leh a \huihruaite kha a hneh famkim bik lo? Engkimtitheia chuan a théi, kung tam pawh ni lote chu tluk hnua veng khawtlai ngawt lo khan lo ven dim diam awm tak pawh a ni lovem ni? A nih loh leh tlu lêk lo turin mihringte kha a thunun thei lovem ni ang?

Pathian chuan heng zawng zawngte hi kan duhthusam aia thain a vawnghim thei teh meuh mai. Mahse Pathian hian thil pakhat dah pawimawh em em mai a nei a. Chu chu duhthlanna zalên hi a ni. Evi leh Adama sualna leh an tlûkna chu thei ei ngawr ngawrah ni lovin duh rêng vanga thu awih lova Pathian thupek bawhchhiat luihnaah a innghat a ni. Hei hi Bible thupui pawimawh berte zinga pakhat a ni a, \hen dangah kan umzui zel ang.

Tichuan Evi leh Adama-te chu Rul thu hnuaia kun an nih loh dan chu kan hrethiam thei tawh ang a. Evin Rul thu awiha tih loh tur a tih khan pawi a khawih tih inhre miah lo khawpa dawi ât ni ta sela chuan a duhthlanna zalên a hmang hauh lo tihna a ni thei ang. Chu chuan a kawh chu a duh lo leh a tum lo chung Setanan a barh luiin a ei lo thei ta lova, sualna a dai baw lo thei ta lo tihna a lo ni bawk ang. A duhthlanna a nih miau loh avangin Pathian pawhin a ngaihhnathiam anga, hmangaihtu Pathian chuan a ngaidam dawn lawm ni!! Tlukna zawrhtu ni mai lova titlutu a nih ngat chuan Setana chunga Pathian rorel hi hei ang ngawt hi a nih a rinawm loh. Amah dova, A aiawha Eden huana a dahte lehzel titlua sualna thuah-hnih thlentu chu leilâwtah a paih nghal em em lovang maw; A fapa mal neih chhun Lal Isua Krista anchhedawng krawsa khenbeh a ngaih phah dawn tih a hre lâwk kiau awm bawk si a! Tlukna avanga thlarau boral tam turzia nen lam A hmu vek ngei ang le.

Heti zawng hian han ngaihtuah teh ang. Thei ei ngawr ngawr kha sualna, Setana sala tanna ni ta se kan sawi tawh angin Setana khan veh thlem harsa lovin a barh lui duh em em ang. Mahse chu chu thil kalhmang a ni lo; chu mi hma khalhtu chu a la awm ang. Pathian thupek dinglai, ‘ei loh tur, ei chuan thihna’ khan ‘thuawihna, ngun taka ngaihtuah hnua duhthlanna zalên hmanga thu awih tura duhthlanna a keng zawk a ni. Thlang lo thei/hnâwl thei a ni a ngem? An zalen avangin an hnâwl thei, an hnâwl miau kha. “A chhia leh a tha hriatna thing rah erawh hi chu i ei tur a ni lo: i ei chuan i ei ni la la in i thi ngei tur a ni” tih thu hian ‘ei loh tur’ tih thupek hlawm hmasa zawk hnawla duhthlanna hmanga ei zawk thung a keng tel a ni. Ei lo tura thu a pêk kherna chhan chu ei theih loh a nih vang ni lova, an duh phawt chuan an ei luih theih vang a ni. Thu an awih chhung kha chuan an ei lo rêng a; nimahsela an hel ni a\ang khan an ei ta chiah a nih kha. Chu ei luih duh zawkna duhthlanna chu Pathianin a hmu lawkin a phalsak niin a lang tlat a ni. Amaherawhchu hmangaih loh avanga botir phala puh tur erawh a ni lo. Duhthlanna hmang lova sual lamah emaw Pathian lamah emaw hui khawm luih tur ni ta se hmangaihtu Pathian chuan a hmangaihte chu an boral phal lovin a khawm vek tur a ni. Chu chu Pathian thil tum niin a lang si lo.

Thuthlung Hlui kan bih chuan Israel ten Pathian thu hre reng chunga an bawhchhiat luih hnemzia leh an inchhir/sima A ngaihdam leh \hin thu te, duh vang renga phatsantu chunga Pathian rorel dan tam tak kan hmu. Hei hian duhthlanna zalên hlutzia leh Pathian phût a nihzia a tilang thei a ni

(b) Deuteronomy 30:19[19]

He Bible chângah hian duhthlan tur pahnih-nunna leh thihna tarlan a ni a. He thu sawitu hian mipuite hi an nun theih nana nunna thlang turin a fuih a ni. Bung hmasa lama kan sawi tawh ang khan TMEF chuan hei hi nun nei loten (piangthar loten) nun an neih theih nana thlang tura kohna a ni lova, piangthar tawhte hnena an duhna zalên (free will) hmang tura kohna a ni tiin an sawi a.

He Bible chânga thu pawimawh ber chu duhthlanna, thlang (choose) tih hi a ni. A \awngbulah chuan bakhar (rxb-bh9r),[20] thlan tur awmsa thlang tihna a ni a. Massoretic Text-ah (tuna Hebrai Bible kan hman ber hi) chuan vawi 1146 lai hman a ni.[21]

Seebass-a chuan Hebrai \awnga thlang (rxb-bh9r) chu heti hian a hrilhfiah a:[22]

rxb (bh9r-bakhar-choose-thlang) tih chu mamawh tak zetna-in a awmtir/hrinchhuah (occasioned), rilru siam fel turin emaw duhthlan tur eng emaw thlang tura duhthlanna thiang leh chiang tak a ni.

Kan sawi thuak tawh angin he Hebrai thumal hian hmandan chi hnih-khawvel thila hmanna (secular usage) leh Pathian thu lama hmanna (theological usage) a nei a ni. Khawvel thil lama hmanna (secular usage)-ah chuan thlan tur (object of choice) chu thil chi hrang hrang heng nupui (Gen 6:2), ram (land, Gen 13:11), chenna tur khua (Deut 23:16), inthawina tur bâwng (I Lal 18: 23, 25), pathian lem siamna thing (Is 40:20), sipai tur thlanna (Ex 17:9; Jos 8:3 etc.) etc an ni \hin.

Chumi letling chiah chuan thlan tur (object of choice) chu mihring nun kawng lam, entir nan \hatna emaw sualna (Sam 25:12; 119:30 etc) te, dik leh dik lo te, nunna emaw thihna (Deut. 30:19) te a nih hian Pathian thu lama hmanna (religious/theological usage) a ni an ti \hin.[23]

Chubakah Deuteronomy bu ziah a nih lai hian Hebrai \awnga thlang tihna, rxb (bh9r/bakhar) hi mihringin a nitin nuna eng lam hawi zawng pawha duh a thlanna sawi nan an hmang uar em em a ni tih a zir chhuak a. Khawvel thil eng emaw hman atana duh thlang (mundane act of selecting an object for use- I Sam 17:40; I Lal 18:23, 25) tihna emaw chenna tur hmun thlang (a place to reside-Gen 13:11; Deut 23:16) sawi nan an hmang \hin. Heng mai bakah hian Israel faten nunphung leh sakhaw chungchânga thutlukna an siam dan chungchâng sawi nan pawh he thlang tih \awngkam hi an hmang \hin a ni awm e. Heta duh thlan tur (object of choice) hi Pathian-YHWH (Jehova) emaw pathian dang (hnam dang pathian, pathian lem) emaw pawh a ni thei bawk. [24]

Thlang (rxb-bh9r/bakhar) tih thumal zir chianna leh sawi zauna a\anga hriatfiah theih lo lang chhuak ta chu hei hi a ni: piangthar leh piangthar lote hi thlangtu (subject of choice) an ni thei ve ve a. Hman pawlh theih a ni a, hman pawlh pawh a ni reng bawk a. A thu hmanna hun leh hmun (context) a zirin a thlangtu chu piangthar tawh a ni nge piangthar lo, Israel mite (Pathian mite) nge an nih hnam dang (Jentail-te) tih kan thliar hrang thei awm e.

Seebass-a hian sawi chhunzawm zelin Deut 30:19 hian Dan dawngsawngtute (ngaithlatute-hearers of the law) chu nunna thlang turin a zilh a ni (chumi awmzia chu he thu sawitu [Mosia] hian Israel-ho chu Pathian an lo thlang tawh \hin ang khan thil dang aia thlang chhunzawm zel tur an ni tih a sawi a ni) a ti a. Sakhaw thila mihring duhthlanna chungchâng sawina a ni a ti nghe nghe a ni.[25] He chângah hian duhthlangtu turte hi Israel mipuite (Pathian mite) an ni ngei tak a. Amaherawhchu he thumal, thlang (rxb-bakhar) hian thlei bîk takin Israel mite (Pathian mite-people of God) chauh emaw piangtharte chauh duhthlanna a kawk lova, a kawk ngai bawk hek lo.

Hemi \uma thlangtute hi Israel mite an nih avang ngawt hian duhthlanna zalên (free will) chu Israel mite/piangthar tawhte leh Pathian inkar thu sawina chauh (piangthar loten an nunhlui tlansana Pathian an duh tâk zawkna, duhthlanna ni ve lo) nia hrilhfiahna hi a khawhawi a zim hle a. Hemi tuma duhthlangtute hi Israel mite chauh an nih avanga duhthlanna pawh mi dang thleng pha lova lo tan bulh mai hi mahni duh chena reh bunna a ni a.

Chuti a nih dawn rau rau chuan Bible bu puma thuchah, chanchin, vaukhanna, thurawn, thupêk, zirtirna, Lehkhathawn, hrilh lawkna leh thu zawng zawng deuh thaw hi Israel mite, khawi rama mite emaw, Korinth khuaa mite, Philippi khuaa mite leh ziah a nih hun laia mi tute emaw tana ziah a ni deuh vek mai a. Vawiina Mizote leh Vaite chungchâng thu tel ve mang hauh lova ziah a nih avangin kan tana kan lo seng luh mai chuan kan duh anga pawt fân chawp kan ni leh tho si ang. Keini hi thlang turin min sawm lova, Israel mite a sawm a ni zawk; Laodikei khaw Kohhran mite hnena a sawi kha keimahni (Ringtute) kan inti chawp a, kan phuah kual mai mai a ni a tih leh theih si ang. Chuti a nih chuan chan a lawi nei lovin kan tel lo deuh vek dawn tihna a ni leh ang a. Bible chu lehkhabu azawnga thu hlui leh tangkai lo mai a ni bawk ang. Chu chu a pawm leh theih hauhvin a rinawm si loh.

Heta (Deut. 30:19) duhthlan tur pahnih, Israel mipuite hmaa chhawp chhuahte hi tupawh, Moab phaizawla mi an ni emaw tunlai khawvela mite tan emawa hmachhhawn tur pawimawh ber an ni bawk. He Bible chânga duhthlanna thuhretu atana lei leh van hman a nih kher kherna chhan he thu-ah hian duhthlanna naran lo tak, chu duhthlanna/thutluknaa innghat nghal nun pumhlum chu a inrawlh tlat a ni.[26] Chubakah chuan he duhthlanna hian politics thilah a ni emaw eng ang thil pawh ni se hnial theih loh/pumpelh theih loh thutlukna siamna a kawk tlat a ni.[27] Chu chu a ni duhthlanna dik tak chu. Thlan theih loh leh huam phak loh a nei lo.

Chanchin =ha chuan pâwm emaw hnâwl emaw thei turin min pui (enable) a. Nung tur chuan nunna kan thlan a ngai a, a nih loh vek leh duhthlanna a taka hmang chhuakin nunna chu kan hawisan thei a ni. He thu (Deut. 30:19) pawh hian nunna emaw thihna emaw chungthu-ah keimahni intichiang tura kan mawhphurhna a sawi bawk[28] TMEF thupui pakhat, duhthlanna zalên /duhna zalên (free will) chu chhandamte (piangtharte) chauh hman tur a niin he châng ngei pawh hian piangtharte chauh a kawk a ni tih hi pawm theih a ni lo.

Hei hi a lo lang chhuak ta! Duhthlanna chungchânga TMEF thupui (theology) leh he châng (Deut 30:19) an hrilhfiahna leh Bible-in sawi a tum hi a inmil thei lova. TMEF-te hi Bible zirchianna dik (exegesis) ni lovin mahni duhdana herh kawinaah (eisegesis) an innghat niin a ngaih theih.

(c) Thupuan 3:20

Ring loten (nun nei loten) Pathian aw an hriat theih loh avangin he thu pawh hi nun neilote duhthlanna a ni lova, nun neitute (piangtharte) hnena kawngkhar lo hawn leh hawn lohva duhthlang tura sawmna niin TMEF-te chuan an hrilhfiah a. Isua emaw Thlarau Thianghlimin emaw ringtute thlarau kawngkhar a kik thu sawina niin an ngai.[29]

He thu hi Laodikei khaw hnena thuchah (thup 3:14ff) a\anga lak chhuah a ni a.[30] Châng 19-naah hian Isua Kristan Laodikei khaw Kohhran mite chu \hian angin a zilhhau a. Châng 20-naah pawh hian \hian ang vekin a belhchhah zui zel a ni.[31] He châng hian Kohhran pum pui anga (as a whole) sawi lovin mimal chungchâng a sawi a. A chhan chu he thu chânga, ejavn ti~ ajkouvsh/ th`~ fwnh`~ mou (ean tis akuse tes fawnes mu) tiha ti~ (tis) hi tupawh (anyone) tihna a ni a.[32] Hei hi a fiah theih nan tlem han bei zui deuh ila. Ti~ (tis) tih thumal hi Thuthlung Tharah vawi 526 hman a ni a. A awmzia chu (1) thil chiang fak lo deuh emaw, sawifiah râwt loh deuh (tu pawh- [anyone], eng pawh- [anything], tu emaw [someone], eng thil emaw [something]) tihna te; (2) tu ber emaw (certain person) tih sawina atana hman a ni.[33]

A chunga Greek \awng khi ennawn chhên a ngai ang. Châng 20-na hi Kohhran anga a nawlpuia thawn/sawi (addressed) ni sela chuan ‘tu pawh’ (singular number) tih aiah ‘nangni’ (plural number) tih sawina \awngkam, ejan su; ajkouvsh/ th`~ fwnh`~ mou (ean su akuse tes fawnes mu) tih kan hmu ang. A chhan chu a thumal pahnihna su; (su) tih hi nangmahni/in (you) tihna a ni a. Kohhran nawlpui sawina ni sela chuan ejan ti~ (tis-tupawh) tih aiah ejan su; (su-nangmahni, in-you) tih hi hman ngei tur a ni.[34]

Ngaihtuah chian em em a ngai a ni. Piangthar tawhho, Kohhran nawlpui sawina anga ngaih tur nia kan hriat chuan a \obul hi kan palzut viau a tul dawn a ni ang. Tupawh tih emaw tu emaw tiin a sawi (addressed) tih hi chhhinchhiah chiang phawt ila a tha ang. Chumi zawhah tupawh tih hmanna kan sawi zawh chiah nen khan hmet kawp ila a fiah lehzual thei ang.

Isuan heta ti~ (tis-tupawh) tih \awngkam kher a hmanna chhan hi ‘sim tura mi zawng zawng huapzo taka a kohna (universalism) a ni’ tih kan hriat a \ul hle mai. Misualte sim hun chu nghakhlel takin Isuan a nghâk reng a. Hei chiah hi Pathian hnathawh leh mihring mawhphurhna hnukpui chu a ni (sim tur kohna leh chhan lêtna hi). Isua chuan misualte thinlung kawngkhar bula kik mai lovin sim turin a kova (a kik thu hi ngawih bopui mai lovin ‘ka kik a ni’ tiin a sawiin a sawi kher kher a ni), thu a sawi mek a ni. Laodikei khaw Kohhran mi, thlarau nunna pawn lama vak bo tawhte thinlung kawngkhar bula dingin Isuan luh dilin a kik mêk anga sawi a ni a. Hetah pawh hian sawi chian a tum ber chu luh diltu hawnsak tura mihring mawhphurhna hi a ni.[35]

Pathian thu hrilhfiahna ziaktu thenkhat, entir nan Bousset-a te, Swette-a te, Holtzmann-a te, Mofatt-a te leh midangten he thu hi khawvel tawpa Krista lokal lehna nia an hrilhfiah laiin midang, entir nan Beasley-ate chuan tun huna sim tur emaw piangthar tur emawa Kristan min kohna a ni an ti ve thung a. Mounce-a chuan he thu hi Laodikei Kohhran mi, mahni inbum chingho hnena thuchah nia a pawm rualin ringtu inpawlkhawmho (community of faith) zinga mi ni ve lote (ring loho) sawmna leh an hnena Pathian thutiam a ni tiin a hrilhfiah a.[36]

Heti hian khaikhawm lo tum chhin ila: he Bible châng hi piangtharte chauh emaw, piangthar hnungtawlh lehte chauh emaw, ring lo mite chauh emaw sawina bîk a ni lova. Piangthar leh piangthar lote tana awmze hran nei taka duhna zalên (free will) emaw duhthlanna zalên (free choice) hman hran thliah thliahna emaw lam a kawk lova. Bible hian chutiang chuan a thliar hrang hek lo. Chuti a hnehin Chanchin =ha chu mitin ta tur a ni tih kan hmu mawlh mawlh zawk a ni. Chuvangin kawng hawng tura sawmte hi tute pawh an ni thei a, piangthar lote an lo pianthar theih nana Pathian pawm tura kohna te, hnungtawlh mekte kir leh tura kohna pawh a ni thei. Kan la chhui zui dawn chauh va, hmanhmawh rih lo phawt ang.

A chunga Bible châng hlâwm pathum (Gen 3:1-13, Deut 30:19 leh Thup 3:20) chauh lo pawh hi TMEF hian duhthlanna thu-ah chhui bing an nei a. Amaherawhchu hetiang lam kaihhnawih vek hi a nih avangin kan umzui ta lo mai a ni. He zirchianna a\ang hian fiah takin thu hman sual leh hriatfiah loh a awm tih kan hre thei tawh ang. Mithiam hming kan sawi lan zawng zawngte leh a \awngbula chhuinate hi hmuh pelhe mai chi a ni lo bawk ang.

TMEF sawi anga:

“Bible-a hemi chin hi duhna zalên (free will) hmanna a nih avangin ring tawhtute (piangthar tawhte) tan chauhva awmze nei a ni a; hemi chin hi duhthlanna zalên satliah (free choice), nun nei loten an mihring khawvel hriatna naran a\anga khawvel thil an thlan theihna a ni a. Chuvangin kan duhthlanna hmang hian Pathian kan hnaih thei lovin kan lo thlan vena ringawt hian Pathian hnen min thlentîr thei hek lo. Pathian leh Setana hi keini thlan leh hnâwl zawh rual a ni lova, Bible-a kan hmuh, ‘thlang rawh u, in nun theih nan’ tih ang chi rêng rêng hian nun nei loten an nun theihna atana thlan tur lam a kawk ngai lovin a kawk thei hek lo. Ring tawhtute hnena thlan tur a chhawp chhuah mai an ni. Duh chu kan thlang thei nameuh va; mahse awmzia a nei lovin nunna a thlang thei lo. Kan thlang chung pawha kan tisual lo thei bawk si lo hian hei hi a finfiah ve rêng rêng a ni”

tih hi fimkhur taka ngaihtuah loh phei chuan mi hruai kawi thei tak a ni. Duhthlanna thua pawimawh lai ber, thlang (choose) tih hi a chepa kaia chhuia hrilhfiah a nih hnuah hian tuten emaw mahni hriat thiam dan leh duh dan emaw, lo sawi tawh laklawh dan zûl zuiin an kuai her chiam a ni tih a lang.

He thu hi hman a nihna hmun hrang hrang leh Bible ziah hunlai vela a ziaktute rama an \awngkauchheh a\anga a lan dan chuan he thu hi piangtharte chauh emaw piangthar lote hman bik tura \awngkam bungraw danglam bîk a ni lova, hman a nihna hun leh hmun a zirin a châng chuan Pathian mite duh thlanna a ni a, a châng chuan ring lo miten Pathian an thlan a \ul thu sawina atana hman a ni bawk tih kan hre thei. Chubakah he duhthlanna vek hian thihna leh nunna emaw, Pathian leh khawvel emaw chauh ni lovin khawvela eng thil pawh a thlang mai thin a ni tih he thu zirbingna a\ang hian kan hre thei.

Chuti a nih mek laia thlarau (spirit), nunna (soul) leh taksa (body) tia mihring \hên hrang sauh sauhva, nunna (soul) chuan Pathian a thlang thei lo, a chhan chu thlarau (spirit) chanvo a ni a, nunna (soul) khawih phak a ni lo. Mi, Pathianin an thlarau thi a la tihnun ve rih lohten an duhthlanna zalên (free choice) hmang maiin Pathian an thlang thei lo, a chhan chu a thlangtu ber thlarau a la nun loh tlat avangin tia zirtirna hi zirtirna him lo a ni a, phalrai chi a ni lo. Bible tum dan a kalh tlat a ni. Engtik lai mahin free will hi piangtharte (Pathian mite/Israel fate) chauh hman tur tih leh free choice hi piangthar lote pawhin an neih sa reng a ni tih zirtirna Bible-ah sawi hran a awm ngai lo. He ngaihdan hian a pawmtute chu tih tur tih loh phah nan a hmantir a; pawi lian tak a khawih a ni. Chuvangin tun chinah chuan inlamlêt ngam ila, tichuan Pathian laka kan mawhphurhna kan hlen chhuahna kawng pawimawh tak pakhat kan hmuhchhuah belh tihna a nia ang.

Tupawhin duh an thlang thei vek a. A chângin thlangtu chu Israel mite an ni a, a chângin hnam dang mite an ni bawk. A chângin thlan tur chu Pathian a ni a, a chângin khawvel thil dangte pawh a ni bawk thin. Pathian inpuanna chu âwiha Amah pan tur leh Lal atana pawm tura zirtir an/kan ni. Amaherawhchu chu duhthlanna chu awmin nung reng mah sela suala hliam hnu mihringte hi Ropuina Nî a lo thlen hma loh zawng chak lohnaa phuar vel kan ni reng dawn a. Chuvangin mahni mai chuan Pathian lam kan hawi reng thei lo a ni. Nimahsela chu dinhmunah chuan Pathianin min dah reng lova. Englai pawhin min awmpui a, thlamuantu Thlarau Thianghlimin min awp reng a. Rinnaa khawngaihnaa chhandam kan niin chu khawngaihna azârah chuan tupawh Pathian fa an lo ni thei zawk a ni.

PCI Thurin parukna-in a sawi angin Thlarau Thianghlim puihna azârah Pathian la hre ngai hauh lote pawhin an lo hre theiin nunna an chang thei a ni. Tumah nung sa a awm theih loh va. Pathian avang chauhva nung kan ni. Ringtute leh ring lotute hi angkhat renga min hmangaihtu Pathian chuan duhthlan theihna thuhmun leh thlan tur pawh in tluk reng min pe \heuh va. Duhthlang thei dinhmunah pawh min dintir \heuh bawk. He dinhmun hi Thlarau Thinghlim, Pa leh Fapa a\anga lo chhuak hnathawh avang chauhva kan neih a ni a. Ani chuan mihringte chu chhandamna changtuah a siam a. An dinhmun dik tak hriat chiantîrin Krista hriatna kawngah an rilru A tivar a, an duhthlannate pawh A chawh thawhsak a. Isua Krista chu Lal leh Chhandamtua pawm tura ngenin, pawm thei turin A pui a. Anmahniah felna rah chi tinrêng a thawk chhuak bawk \hin a ni.[37] He Thlarau Thianghlim avang chauh hian zalenna famkim chu kan nei thei a. Zalên kan nih avang tak pawh chuan Thlarauvin min tihnunsak, kan duhthlanna thiang hmang chuan kan mawhphurhna kan hlen chhuah a ngai a ni.

Mihring chuan ama mimal chhia leh \ha hriatna leh chakna mai chuan thlemna karah Pathian chu a thlang reng thei hauh lo mai a. Chutah chuan Pathian chuan khawngaihna avangin Thlarau Thianghlim hmangin amah thlang thei turin min pui a. Chuvangin Pathian chu kan lo thlang thei ta a ni. Hei hi then thum zinga thlarau (spirit) hna chanpual bîk, chutih laia nunna (soul) thiltih ni ve lo anga ngaihna hi thil tihnawktu a ni. Duhthlanna chuan Pathian chungchâng a ni emaw, kan nuna Pathian chawimawi a ni emaw, a dum leh vâr, a tûi leh tûi lo a ni emaw sawi lovin a thlang mai a. Duhthlan tur (object of choice) chu a enga pawh ni se duhthlanna chuan a huap zo vek mai. Chu duhthlanna chuan a thlangtu atan free will emaw free choice emaw, ringtu an ni emaw ring lotu an ni emaw a thlei bik chuang lova. A thlangtu-in a thlana tak kha a pawimawh chu a ni ta a ni.

Nunna atan Pathian kan thlang tur a ni. Hei hi mihring chaknaa mahni inchhandam theih thu sawina a ni lova. Thlarau Thianghlim zâra Pathian tihzalen tawh mihringten zalên taka nunna leh thihna kan hmaa chhawp chhuah chu thlang mai tur kan nih zia tarlanna a ni zawk.

Mihring chuan Pathian hnâwlin thihna a thlang thei a, Pathian chu Lal leh Chhandamtu atana pawmin nunna a thlang thei bawk. Hei hi Pathianin a phût tlat a nih avangin vawi duai lo Bible-ah kan hmu a ni. Chu chu mihring chakna avanga inthlang nung tihna a ni chuang lo. Tlanna chu Pathian hnathawh liau liau a niin mihring tih ve pakhat te mah a awm lo tak zet a. Amaherawhchu chu Pathian tlanna chu mitinte tana awmze nei leh thu tak, mite tinung thei khawp thiltihtheihna a ni a. Chu chuan Pathian laka mihrang lo ni tawh thin mihringte chu fa nihnaah min hruai lut ta zawk a. Fate chu zalenna neia sîamin ama hnena awm reng tur leh vâk bo lo tura chah lawm lawmin (Joh 15), a hnena kir leh turin (Lk 15 fapa tlanbo) min ko a ni.

A nih loh leh ring lotute hi engtikah nge Pathian hnen an lo thlen ve theih ang? Bible-a nunna leh thihna, malsawmna leh ânchhia kan hmuhte hi an tân engtia thlan ve tur nge ni ang? Missionary-ten an hrilh hriata, sual kalsana Isua Krista chu lal leh Chhandamtua pawm ve an lo duh hian eng angin nge kan ngaih dawn? Ring lo an nih avangin an thlarau a la thi a; chuvangin Pathian thlan theihna free will an la hmang ve thei si lova, nunna an thlang thei lo kan ti thei ang em? Chuti ni se Chanchin =ha hril hi enge a sâwtna awm thei ang le? A nih loh vêk leh Pathian duhna an lo neih theihna chhan chu an hnena Pathian a lo inpuan rûk tawha, an hnena rinna a lo pek diam tawh vang a ni tih mai tur em ni? Kha kha eng vanga lo awm nge? An hnena Pathian thu an hrilh vang nge ni chuang lo? Thu a tam mai. Zawi muangin kan la chhang chho dawn a ni.

---

[1] John Calvin, Calvin’s Commentary, vol. I, translated by John King (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1984), 151.

[2] Gordon J. Wenham, Word Biblical Commentary, vol. I (Waco, Texas: Word Books Publishers, 1987), 73. Yea, hath God said… (KJV); did God say… (NRSV); did God really say… (NIV).

[3] yki2 p)a -Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia.

[4] Wenham , Word Biblical Commentary, vol. I, 73.

[5] Victor P. Hamilton, The New International Commentary on the Old Testament: the Book of Genesis (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1990), 186.

[6] E.H. Speiser, The Anchor Bible (New York: Doubleday & Inc., 1987), 23.

[7] (Tricked NRSV, deceived NIV, beguiled KJV). yni)Ay#,$Ihi- his-shî-a-nî-hiphil, perfect, third person, masculine, singular number, 1^st person, common gender, singular suffix- )#$fnf (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia) tih hi a ngial a ngana lehlin dawn chuan theihnghilhtir (to cause to forget) emaw penbotir (to cause one to go astray) tihna emaw a ni thei. H.D.M. Spence and Joseph Exell, eds., The Pulpit Commentary vol. I. (Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, n.d), 165.

[8] John Skinner, The International Critical Commentary: Genesis (Edinburgh: T&T Clark Ltd. [1910], 1980), 78.

[9] Wenham, Word Biblical Commentary, I, 73.

[10] Skinner, ICC: Genesis, 75.

[11] Hamilton, NICNT: Genesis, 186.

[12] Rohmingliana, An La Varpawh, 12.

[13] Skinner, ICC Genesis, 76.

[14] Kenneth A. Mathews, the New American Commentary, vol. IA (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 238.

[15] John Calvin, Calvin’s Commentary, vol. I, 151-153.

[16] Leander E. Keck, Thomas G. Long et al., The New Interpreter’s Bible, vol. I (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1994), 360-362.

[17] Clifton J. Allen, ed., The Broadman Bible Commentary, vol. I (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1969), 129.

[18] John Calvin, Institutes of Christian Religion, vol. I, translated by Henry Beveridge (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, n.d), 169.

[19] In hmaah nunna leh thihna, malsawmna leh ânchhia ka dah tih tunah hian in chungchâng thua hretu atan lei leh van ka ko a ni; chutichuan nunna chu thlang rawh u, in nun theih nan, nangni leh in thlahte nen.

[20] tf2r:xabf\w, conjunction-qal-perfect-second person-masculine gender-singular number- Chuvangin thlang rawh u (therefore choose). John Joseph Owen, Analytical Key to the Old Testament, vol. 1 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House [1989], 1996), 890.

[21] Thlangtu chu mimal (mipui hotu emaw, lal emaw, puithiam emaw) emaw mipui (people) emaw a ni thei a. Hman dan pakhatah phei chuan thlangtu chu mimal niin thlan tur (object of choice) chu thil tha leh sual inkarah emaw, dik leh dik lo inkarah emaw a ni \hin. H. Wildberg, “rxb,” Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, vol. I edited by Ernst Jenni and Claus Westermann (Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, 1997), 211-213

[22] Seebass, “rxb,” Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. II edited by G. Johannes Botterweck and Helmer Ringgren (Grand Rapids: William B Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1995), 74.

[23] Emile Nicole, “rxb,” New International Dictionary of the Old Testament Theology and Exegesis, vol. I, edited by William A.Van Gemeren (Carlisle: Paternoster, 1997), 638-639.

[24] Dale Patrick, “Election,” The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 2, edited by David Noel Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 435-436.

[25] Seebass, TDOT, II 86.

[26] Peter C. Craigie, The New International Commentary on the Old Testament: the Book of Deuteronomy (Grand Rapids: William B Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1976), 366.

[27] George Arthur Buttrick et. al., The Interpreter’s Bible, vol. II (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1953), 510.

[28] Alexander McLaren, Exposition of Holy Scripture, Deuteronomy-I Samuel (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, n.d), 28.

[29] Rohmingliana, An La Varpawh, 113.

[30] Laodikei khua hi Asia rama kohhran pasarihte zinga pakhat a ni a (Thup 2:1-3:22). Laodikei mite sualna hi kohhran dang paruka mite sualna ai hian a nasa zawk niin a lang. A hminga Kristian an nihnaah duh tawkin chutah chuan an lungawi tawk hle a. Krista nen an inmihran reng tawh tih reng an hre hauh lo. Chuvangin simna thu-in anmahniah hmun a chang tawh lo niin a lang. Hei hi an sualna tak chu a ni. R.H. Charles, The International Critical Commentary: Revelation, vol. I (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1985), 95. Appendix no. II-ah Laodikei khaw chanchin tawi ziah a ni.

[31] Ibid., 100.

[32] Ibid.

[33] A. Horstmann, “ti", ti,” Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, vol. III, edited by Horst Balz and Gerhard Schneider (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company [1933], 1994), 362.

[34] Charles, ICC: Revelation, 100.

[35] Simson J. Kistemaker, New Testament Commentary: Revelation (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2001), 174.

[36] Robert H. Mounce, The New International Commentary on the New Testament: Revelation (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997), 128, 129.

[37] India Ram Presbyterian Kohhran Thurin, no. VI.