bung 6
Nunna leh thlarau: duhthlanna nena an inlaichin dan
TMEF-in duhna zalên (free will) leh duhthlanna zalên (free choice) tia duhthlanna an thliar hranna chhan chu bung thuma mihring an thliar hran (thlarau [spirit], nunna [soul] leh taksa [body]-trichotomic division) vang a ni. I Thes. 5:23 te, Heb. 4:12[1] te leh Bible châng \henkhatte hi thlarau (spirit) leh nunna (soul) \hen hran tichiangtu-ah an ngai nghet tlat a. An zirtir danah chuan Hebrai thumal nephesh hi Thuthlung Hluiah soul (nunna) tiin vawi 428 zet hman a ni. Lev. 24:18 leh Gen. 2:19-ahte hian rannung tana hman a ni a. Rannungte pawhin nunna (soul) an neih ve tho si chuan mihring chuan rannung te neih aia sang thlarau a nei ngei a ni tih a chiang bawk an ti a ni (Mt. 10:30).
He Thuthlung Hlui nephesh hi Thuthlung Thara Greek \awng psyche (sukhe) nen thuhmun an ni a, hringnun (life) sawi nan a hman a ni an ti. Chuvangin mihring hian he soul, lei hringnun nena inzawm bâkah thlarau lam thil dawrtu thlarau (spirit) kan nei a ni tih hai rual a ni lo. Chutiang bawkin Hebrai \awnga ruah9 (ruakh) hi mihringa thil awm te zinga chungnung ber, ‘thlarau’ sawina atan a hman a ni bik. Thuthlung Thar Greek \awnga a tlukpui chu pneuma (neuma) a ni. Chu chu Mizo \awnga ‘thlarau’ kan tih chu a ni.[2]
Hei hi duhna zalên (free will) leh duhthlanna zalên (free choice), thlarau leh nunna-in an inchansem dan (free will leh thlarau, free choice leh nunna (soul) inkawp bik anga sawina) \obul chu a ni. Chuvangin mihring hi \hen thum (trichotomy)-thlarau, nunna leh taksa tia then hran theih a ni reng em tih finfiah nan thlarau (ruah9 leh pneuma), nunna (nephesh leh psyche) leh taksa chungchânga Bible sawidan kan zir dawn a ni. Taksa (body) chungchâng-ah thu inchuh a awm ve loh avângin hmuh theih loh ‘thlarau’ leh ‘nunna’ thu chauh thlur bing a ni anga, ‘taksa’ chu sawi buai ngai lova chiang saah kan dah mai a ni ang chu. Hemi zir bing tur hian nunna leh thlarau thu kan luhchilh hmasa phawt ang.
Nunna leh a kaihhnawih thu leh hla sawi nan Bible-ah (Mizo \awng) hian \awngkam dang dang kan hmu \hin a. Thu pawimawh tak tak an ni hlawm na-in a tlangpui chauh kan hrût thuak thuak lo thei lovang. Hei pawh hi a bul hrûma kan man chian lehzual theih nan a Sap \awng pawha la duh tawk mai lo deuhvin a \awng bulah (Greek \awng a\anga \anin Hebrai \awngah kan lut anga, a Sap \awng leh a Zo \awngin kan tlip hlauh thung ang) \um khalh ila a fiah thei zawkin a rinawm.
1) Bios (bio~):
Classical Greek:
Hei hi (noun-a hman anih chuan) mihring dam chhung nun (“lifetime” emaw “duration of life”), emaw damlai sawi nana hman a ni \hin a, verb-a hman a nih chuan dam, nung, tihna a ni.[3]
Thuthlung Hluiah:
He bios hi Thuthlung Hluiah chuan nî (yôm-mwoy-day) tiin an sawi. Hebrai \awngkauchheh a ni a, mihring damchhung sawi nan an hmang mai \hin. Joba 7:1; 7:16; 8:9; 15:20 etc.-ahte hian chiang takin a lang. Kan sawi tâk ang khan dam chhung (duration of life) sawina a ni.[4]
Thuthlung Tharah:
Thuthlung Tharah hian hman rim a ni teh chiam lova; vawi 11 emaw vel chauh a lang. A hmaa kan sawi tawh ang tho khan damchhung (duration of life) sawina atan te leh nitin nun (everyday life: 1 Tim. 2:2 leh 2 Tim. 2:4) sawi nan an hmang ber.
Nunphung (manner of life) sawina a ni tho bawk (1 Joh. 2:16; Lk. 8:14).
2) Zoê (zwh):
Classical Greek:
Nunna (life) tia lehlin a ni mai \hin a.[5] Hmanlai Greek-ho chuan he nunna (zoê) hi mihring, rannung leh hnim hringten inang tlanga an neih hi a ni an ti a. Mi \henkhat ngaihdan chuan he mihring nunna (zoê) hi psyche (kan la sawi zui ang) vanga lo nung a ni an ti a; \henkhat (Xenophon-a, [c.431-350 BC] Greek mifing leh historian) thung chuan pneuma (hei pawh hi kan la um zui ang) vanga awmah an ngai thung.[6] An ngaihdan chuan mihring lei nunna hi thil pahnih, soul (psyche-nunna/thlarau) leh body (taksa) infin khawmin a siam a ni an ti.[7]
Greek-ho rin dan chuan soul (nunna/thlarau) leh body (taksa) bâkah hian mihring nunna tikawpkimtu, peng hrang pathumna a la awm cheu va. Chu chu nous (hriatna, rilru emaw hriathiamna-reason, mind/understanding) a ni a. An ngaihdan chuan body (soma [Greek]-taksa) leh soul (psyche-nunna/thlarau) hian mihring khawvel nun (natural life) a kaihhnawih bîk a, a pathumna nous (hriatna) erawh hi chu Pathian thil (divine element), chung lam a\anga mihringa lo lut, mihring nun tifamkimtu a ni an ti.[8]
Greek-ho trichotomy-ah chuan Paula sawi anga pneuma-psyche-soma (thlarau-nunna-taksa-spirit-soul-body -I Thess. 5:23) ang kha ni lovin nous-psyche-soma a ni zawk a ni.
Thuthlung Hluiah:
Hebrai \awng chuan hayyim (Myyi2xa-nunna-life-noun), hayâh (hyfxf-nung-live-verb) leh hay (yxa-nung-alive/living-adjective) an ti mai a.[9] He nunna hi lei lam thil takin (natural) an suangtuah ber \hin.[10]
Thuthlung Tharah:
Synoptic Gospel-ah (Matthaia, Marka leh Luka) hian vawi 16 a lang a. |um hnih (Lk. 12:15 leh 16:25) chauh tih lohvah chuan ‘Pathian nakina a la pêk tur nun’ sawina hlir a ni.[11] Thuthlung Tharah chuan a tlangpui thuin chatuan nunna, khawvel lo awm leh tura nunna kan neih tur sawi nana hman a ni \hin (Mk. 10:30; 1 Tim. 4:8).
3) Psyche (yuchv- soul, life)
Classical Greek:
Psyche hian hmanna chi hrang eng emaw zat a nei ve leh a:
(i) Thlur bing nei lem lovin nunna ti ngawta sawi a ni a. Hmanlai (Ancient) Greek literature-ah chuan he nunna (soul) hi taksa nena inbelhbawm a ni. Taksa a chhuahsan tikah taksa pawhin a nunna a hloh ve nghal mai \hin.[12]
(ii) Hmanna dangah chuan mihring chhungril (inward part of man) leh zia (personality) sawina a ni leh a. Tichuan soul chu mihring tihna a lo ni a. Sap \awng Bible-a kan hmuh fo, ‘my soul’ tih chu ‘ka nunna’ tihna ni lovin ‘keimah’ (sap \awnga I) tihna a ni.[13]
Xenophon-a sawi dan phei chuan ‘Pathian thiltihtheihna hian soul hmanga mihring chunga ro a rel tlat avangin he soul hian Pathian zia pawh a pu tel a ni’ a ti nghe nghe a.[14]
(iii) Thlarau sawina a ni bawk. Homer-a (c. 800 BC. Greek mifing leh hla phuah thiam) chuan soul (thlarau?) awmna hmun a sawi \hin a. A thu ziak pakhatah chuan mi pakhat, Patroclus-a chanchin a ziak a. Patroclus-a chu a thi ta a. A thlarau (soul) chu Hremhmuna kal nghal mai lovin ama pianzia, aw leh thawmhnaw pangngai chiah pu-in leihnuaiah tuihu ang mai leh bâk (bat) ang maia hram chungin a vak vel a ni tih thu a sawi.[15] Greek-ho ngaihdan chuan he soul hi amaha nihna hrang nei (entity), a neitu (mihring) anpui chiah chiah, mahse amah (mihring) tak kha chu ni chiah si lo a ni a. Taksa letling, thlarau a ni an ti \hin.[16]
Thuthlung Hluiah:
Hebrai \awnga ‘nunna’ (soul) sawina langsar ber chu #$pene (nephesh) a ni a. TMEF chuan he nephesh hi mihring nunna (soul), thlarau (ruah9) leh taksa inkâra palai hna thawktu hi a ni tiin an hrilhfiah. Chîk taka kan zir chuan nephesh pawh hi hman dan chi hrang hrang a lo awm leh pek a. Duhna, [17] châkna (desire/appetite), duhthlanna,[18] taksa thila ril\amna,[19] nunna (soul), thinlung,[20] emaw lei nunna (life)[21] tia hman a ni (Mizo \awng Bible dan nen a inmil thlarh lo deuh hlawm a; mahse a \awngbul lamah chuan heti hian a inziak. Sap \awng lamah tlemin a chiang thei deuh awm e). II Lal. 1:13-ah #$pene (nephesh) tih hi mihring nunna (human life) sawi nan hman a ni leh bawk. Mihring/ mimal sawina (himself) atana hman a ni fo bawk.[22]
Greek Thuthlung Hlui-ah (LXX-Apokrifa telin) chuan tuna kan sawi lai mek, psyche (soul) hi vawi 900 vel teh meuh hman a ni a. Lehlinna chi hrang hrang a awm kan tih fo tawh \hin ang khan Greek-ho pawh hian Hebrai thumal-nephesh, leb, hayyâh, leh ruah9-te hi nunna (psyche, soul) tiin an let ling rum mai.
Heng lehlinna hrang hrang zingah hian nephesh hi soul sawi nan an hmang hnem ber. Chu chu nunna tia kan sawi chhawn deuh ber hi a ni a. He nephesh hi mihring emaw ransa emaw tinungtu a ni an ti \hin. Thuthlung Hlui zirnaa mithiam chungchuang Von Rad-a chuan Hebrai nephesh hi Greek \awnga psyche tia lehlin a ni hian ‘psyche chu mihringa eng emaw nung (vital) awm, a huam zau thei ang bera sawina a ni’ a ti a.[23] Nunna tia hrilhfiahna nen pawh an induh thei hle awm e.
Mitthi a\anga chhuaka (Gen. 35:18) mihring vêka kîr leh thei a ni bawk (1 Lal. 17:21).
Thuthlung Hluia huapzo taka mihring chungchâng a sawinaah #$pene (nephesh) chuan bung hrang hrangah mihring a \hen sawm ngai lo. Mithiam Kohler-a phei chuan soul (nunna) hi mihring nihna leh zia (nature) a ni a, a thil neih (possession) ni lo, a ti nghe nghe. Chuvangin nephesh chu ‘thil nung’ (living being, entir nan rannung emaw mihring emaw) tia lehlin fo tur a ni. Amaha awm nunna emaw, eng emaw thil bîk a ni lova; mi (person), mimal (individual), mahni (self) emaw tu emaw (someone) tiin emaw a lehlin theih bawk.[24]
Nebukadnezzar-an mi 832 zet Jerusalem a\anga sala a hruai \um khan nephesh 832 (nunna 832?) a hruaia sawi a ni a (Jer 52:29). Ngaihtuah thiam a ngai a ni. Jer 52:29 a\ang chauh pawh hian nephesh hi mihring nunna (soul emaw life emaw), a bîk takin mihring dintu bung hrang pathum (thlarau, nunna, leh taksa) zinga ‘nunna,’ thlarau leh taksa inkâra palai hna thawktu, rannungte nena inang kan neih, thlarau aia hnuai, taksa chung ni bawk si sawina atan chauhva hman a ni lo tih a hriat theih. Chu nunna lawng lawng chu Nebukadnezzara hian a hruai ngûtin a rinawm loh. Sawi tum dang a nei phawt ang.
A tawi zawngin sawi ila, mihring pumhlum (the whole personality, the whole self of a person) sawina niin nephesh (soul) tih chu ‘keimah’ tihna emaw ‘nangmah’ (I myself/yourself) tihna emaw a ni (1 Sam. 18:1).[25]
Thil nung (mihring ni lo) sawi nan an hman chang a awm a (Lev. 11:10). Mihring zat chhiar nan soul (nephesh) hi hman a ni bawk (Exod. 1:5; Deut. 10:22, Jer 52:29). A thu hrimah Thuthlung Hluiah hian soul leh taksa hi chuti teh chiamin a dah hrang hran lo. Num. 6:6 kan en phei chuan mitthi ruang hi nephesh (soul) tiin a sawi tlat mai. Ngaihtuah a tithui thei viau awm e.
Thuthlung Tharah:
Thuthlung Tharah pawh hmanna chi hrang hrang a awm a: nunna sawi nan an hmang rim hle.
Greek \awng Thuthung Hlui (LXX- Septuagint) chuan Hebrai \awnga nephesh (#$pene-soul etc.) chu psyche (yuch-sukhe-nunna etc.) tiin letling a. Amaherawhchu psyche (yuch sukhe) tih pawh chuan hmanna chi hrang hrang a nei leh a:[26]
(a) Mihringte minung min nihtirtu, taksa thihna letling chiah taksa nunna, mihringte nungdam kan nih theihna nunna sawina a ni. Châknate pawh heta awm hi niin a lang (Lk. 12:19 Mizo \awng Bible O.V Reference-ah chuan thlarau tia lehlin a ni). Rilru kan tih mai \hin, Sapin emotion an tih pawh hi yuch (psyche) hnathawh a ni bawk (Mk. 14:34; Mt. 26:38; Lk. 3:35; Joh. 12:26).
(b) A hlaisîn zawnga hmang lovin mihring (taksa) pumhlûm (the whole person), mihring dam lai, minung sawina atan hman a ni. (Mk. 3:4; Lk. 6:9; I Kor. 15:45; Thup. 16:3). Tirhkohte Thiltih 2:43, 3:23, 27:22 leh Rom 2:9 thua Greek \awng pavsh/ yuch/` (pase sukhe) tih hi Sap \awnga dah dawn chuan every soul a tih mai theih ang. Nunna tinrengte tia lehlin a ni lova, chutia lehlin tur pawh a ni lo. Mizo Bible-ah chuan mi tih te leh mihring, Rom 2:9-ah phei chuan thlarau (O.V Reference) tia dah a ni. He yuch (sukhe) hi nunna (taksa leh thlarau tel lo) sawina bil a ni lova, mihring sawina atana hman a ni.
(c) He yuch (psyche-sukhe-soul-nunna) vek hi Pathian nena inzawm chiala hman a ni. Mt. 22:37-chuan yuch (psyche-sukhe) zawng zawnga Pathian hmangaih turin min ti a. Hei hi Mizo Bible-ah chuan thlarau (O.V Reference) tih leh nunna (C.L.Re-edited) tia lehlin a ni bawk. He thuchah ngai vek hi Lk. 10:27; Eph. 6:6 leh Col. 3:23-ah kan hmu. Nunna-in Pathian a zawm lo tih chu huaisar a ngaih hmel viau mai.
(d) A chunga kan sawi ang tho khian Thuthlung Thar lamah pawh zat/tam lam chhiar nan psyche (soul) hi an hmang tho mai (Tirh. 7:14; 27:37; 1 Pet. 3:20).
(e) |awngkam bungraw pakhat, “every soul” tih pawh hi ‘nunna tinreng’ tihna a ni lova, ‘mi tinreng’ (everyone) tihna a ni (Acts 2:43; cf. Acts 3:23; 27:22; Rom. 2:9; 13:1).
(f) Mihring chhungril nun (inner life of man), zia (personality)[27] leh mihring famkim sawi nan hman a ni bawk. Heti zawng hian Paulan a hmang nasa em em a ni.
(g) Thlarau tia lehlin \hin a ni ve tho (Thup. 6:9; 20:4).
A hmaa (Thuhmahruaia) kan sawi tawh angin theology sawifiah nana Bible châng kan lâk chhuahte hi Mizo Bible nen a inang thlarh thlarh vek lova. Hei hi hre reng chunga tarlan \alh an ni \hin. Kan thupui zir mek hi thu thûk leh khûnkhân tak a nih avângin a chêpa kaia chhuia hrilhfiah a ngai a. Chuvangin Pathian Lehkhabu pawh ziah a nihna \awng-Hebrai leh Greek nena luhchilh a ngai a ni. Chumi dawtah chuan Sap \awng Bible lehlin hrang hrang hman a ni leh bawk.
Hei pawh hian chhan leh vang fel tak a nei: \awng rêng rêng hian lehlin a nih hnuah a tîra sawina dik tak (original version) a pha tawh ngai lova. Lehlin chhawn zel (entir nan, Greek a\anga Sap \awng, Sap \awng a\anga Mizo \awng, Mizo \awng a\anga a dang leh chhawng) a nih lek phei chuan \awngkauchheh danglam ang zel leh thumal tlukpui tlakchhamna (entir nan, Greek \awng chu grammar leh thumalah [vocabulary] a hausa em em a, lehlin a nihna \awngin a ngial a ngan a phawh chhuah zawh loh, sawi fiah chawp tâk mai mai a tam em em a ni) leh tihsual palh avanga lehlin fel tawk lo a awm thei a ni. Chuti chung pawhin Bible châng pawimawhte chu tarlan an ni tho tho a ni. A inmil zat lo deuhva kan hriat chuan Sap \awng Bible chi hrang hrang, a tlem berah pathum[28] tal nen khaikhin ila a fiah lehzualin a rinawm.
Mk. 3:4-ah (point (b)-na khi) chuan “…chhandam nge thiang tihhlum?” tih a awm a. Eng chu nge chhandam leh tihhlum tih chuan a kawh ang? NRSV chuan to save life or to kill tiin a letling a. Hetah hian yuch (psyche-soul/life-nunna) hman a ni. Mihring bung thum zinga pakhat nunna (thlarau leh taksa tel lo) tihhlum emaw chhandam tihna emaw a lo ni ta se, ‘thlarau leh taksa chu an awm awmin lo awm se, a la báng nunna chu tihhlum nge thiang chhandam’ tihna a ni ang em? Lei nunna a tawp rual chuan taksa pawh a tawp ang a, thlarau pawh a petu hnenah a kir ve leh nghal mai bawk ang a, chu chu bung hran \heuh inkawp khâwmdan chu a ni tiin a chhan fel theih ang em? A nih loh leh nunna chu engtin nge taksa khawih tel hauh lova an tihhlum theih ang? Taksa khawi laiah hian nge nunna chu a awm ang le? Nunna an tihhlum dawn chuan taksa an khawih hmasa \hin a ni lawm ni. Chuvangin he chângah hian thliar hran den den tumna a awm lo. He yuch (sukhe) tihhlum thu hi mihring pumhlum emaw rannung (living being) emaw chhandam emaw tihhlum emaw thu sawina mai a ni.
I Kor. 15:45-ah pawh Adama chu minung (yuch;n zw`san-sukhên zâwsan-living soul [being]) a nih thu kan hmu. Adama chu nunna nung (thlarau leh taksa tel lo, soul [nunna] chauh) a ni tih a ni lova, minung, mihring pumhlum leh famkim a lo ni tih a sawi a ni leh mai. yuch (sukhe) hian bung thum zinga pakhat nunna (soul) mai a sawi lova, mi, mihring tihna atana hman a ni tih a chiang tawk tawh awm e.
4) Pneuma, (pneuma-spirit-thlarau)
Classical Greek:
Greek \awng bul pneu- (neu) a\anga thumal lo piang chhuakte (derivatives) hian a bul takah chuan boruak che vel (movement of the air) chungchang a sawi ber a. Pneu- tih a\ang hian note (derivatives) tam tak a piang chhuak a. Chu’ng zinga a pawimawh zual \henkhatte chu hengte hi an ni: pneuma (pneu'ma-thlarau, thli-spirit, wind); pneo (pnevw-thli thaw, thaw-to blow, to breathe), pnoê (pnohv-thli, thaw, thawkkhumna/tihnunna -wind, breath, inspiration [by a deity]), ekpneô (ejkpnevw-thaw chhuak-breathe out, blow out), empneô (ejmpnevw-thaw lut/hip lut, thaw hlawp hlawp- to breathe in, to pant), pneumatikos (pneumatikov~-thlarau/rau-spiritual), pneumatikôs (pneumatikw'~-thlarau takin- spiritually), theopneustos (qeovpneusto~- Pathian thawkkhum, Pathian tihnun- God-breathed, inspired by God). Hengte hi Greek \awnga thlarau (pneuma) kan tih thumal leh chuta \anga lo peng chhuakte (derivatives) chu an ni a; \obul thuhmuh, pneu- a\anga chhuak vek an ni.[29]
Thuthlung Hluiah:
Thuthlung Hluiah (Hebrai) chuan ruah9 a ni a. Hebrai thumal xaw@r (ruah9 (ruakh) hi thlarau (spirit) tia lehlin a ni tlangpui a. Hebrai \awng Thuthlung Hluiah hian vawi 378 zet hman a ni a. A awmze bul chu thlî (wind) tihna emaw thaw (breath/blowing)[30] tihna emaw thlifîm (light breeze)[31] emaw thlarau (spirit)[32] tihna emaw a ni. Mihring emaw ramsa emaw thaw (breath) sawi nan hman a ni bawk (Ezek. 37:8, 10, cf. 9; Thur. 3:19, 21). He thaw hi pathian lemah chuan a awm ve lo (Jer. 10:14). Pathian pêk a ni a (Isa. 42:5), a venghimtu pawh Pathian bawk a ni a (Sam 31:5), a petu, Pathian hnenah vêk a kîr leh \hin (Thur. 12:7).
Thinurna te, thin sô phut te,[33] huaisenna te leh beidawng lova beih hram hramna[34] tihte hi ruah9 a\anga lo kal an ni a. Bible hmun tam takah chuan xaw@r (ruah9) hi mihring chhungril lam thil,[35] amaherawhchu mihring peng/bung hrang pakhat sawina ni lovin (mihring) pûmpui (entire existence) sawina atan hman a ni.[36]
Kawng khatah chuan xaw@r (ruah9) chu mihring chhung ril ber (innermost aspect of human being) tiin a hrilhfiah theih a; kawng leh lam ah chuan mihring pumpui (entire existence) sawina a ni thei. Hla thu ah chuan keimah (Sap \awnga I) tihna nen a thuhmun bawk.[37] Ruah9 (xaw@r ) tih hi hmun hrang hrangah Pathian thlarau (Myhilo)v xaw2r-Ruah9 Elohim) sawina atan hman a ni a. Chu pawh chu thlarau hnathawh kan hriat \hin dan pakhat, ‘hlimruih’ kan tih mai nena inzawma hman a ni bawk. Lal Saula a \awng ve bual bual thu kan hmuh kha Pathian thlarau (Ruah9) vang a ni a.[38]
Thlarau sawi nana hman a ni bawk. Mihring thlarau sawi nana hman a nih rual hian thlarau sual sawi nan pawh he thumal tho hi hman a ni \hin. Hmun tam takah Pathian thlarau tih \awngkam kan hmu.
Judaho rin dan chuan he thlarau (spirit) hi Pathianin mihring chhunga a thawk luh, thil nung (vital force), mihring ang tak, mihring chhunga mi nung dang (being) lo awm ta hi a ni a. Soul nena sawi hran vak a ni ngai lova; nimahsela taksa nen erawh chuan an thlei hrang hle. Taksa chu lei lam thil a ni a, thlarau erawh chu van lam chhuak a ni an ti \hin.
Hemi chinah hian xaw@r (ruah9) tih hi hmanna chi hrang hrang a awm tih a hmuh chian theih. Mi \henkhat, rorum taka mihring thlarau sawina atan chauhva hman nia hriate tan chuan ven uârna tham chu a ni ang. Thlarau sawina a ni tih kan tarlan rual hian rilru dinhmun sawina (e.g. thinurna etc.) te, mihring pûmhlum (entire existence) sawina te pawh a ni fo \hin tih kan hriat loh chuan mi hruai kawi thei tak a ni. Pathian thlarau sawina pawh a ni bawk tih kan tarlan hian mihring thlarau mai lo pawh a sawi tih a tilang leh a. Thlarau sawina dang nena an inkûngkaihna kan chhui chhunzawm zel ang.
Thuthlung Tharah:
Thuthlung Tharah pawh mihring thlarau sawi nan vawi 40 zen zawn chu hman a ni (Rom. 8:16; Gal. 6:18; Phil. 4:23; 2 Tim. 4:22; Phlm. 25; Heb. 4:12; Jak. 4:5 etc.).
Thuthlung Tharah hian pneuma (pneuma) tih thu ngau ngau hi vawi 379 zet hman a ni a. Mihring thlarau sawi nan vawi 47; thlarau sual sawi nan vawi 38; mitthi thlarau emaw vantirhkoh emaw sawi nan vawi 9; Pathian Thlarau sawi nan vawi 275 leh Thlarau Thianghlim (Holy Spirit) sawi nan vawi 92, Krista Thlarau sawi nan vawi 3, Isua Thlarau sawi nan vawi 1 etc. hman a ni.[39] Thlarau sawina piah lamah pneuma (pneuma) chu thaw tihna emaw thlifîm (breeze) emaw thlî (wind) tihna emaw a ni bawk.[40] Mk. 2:8 leh hmun tam takah pneuma chu mihring chhungril sawi nana hmangin rilru tia lehlin a ni \hin bawk.[41]
Chanchin =ha bu lamah te, Tirhkohte Thiltih bu lamah te leh Thupuan bu lamah te chuan pneuma (thlarau?) tih hi (thlarau) sual, bawlhhlawh, bengchhet, tih vel nen inzawm lehzuala hman a ni. Chutiang bawkin he pneuma (thlarau?) vek hi Thuthlung Hlui ziaktu pawl \hintu (cf Mk.12:36) leh Kohhran \iaktira Zawlneite nuna thawk \hin kha a ni a. Kha tih hun laia an hlimruihna thlarau (ecstatic utterance) kha tlai khawhnu-ah thlarau (pneuma) ti ngawtin an sawi ta a ni.[42]
Pneuma (pneuma) hman dan hrang hrang kan lakchhuah a\ang hian mihring thlarau, mihring siamtu bung hrang pathumte zinga a chungnung ber, Pathian dâwrtu, duhna zalên (free will) neitu tia han hung bing dawn meuh chuan (pneuma [pneuma] hi Thuthlung Hluia ruah9 [xaw@r] lehlinna chu a ni ngei a) hlâwithlak tur a tam lutuk dawn tlat. Chu a chhapah he pneuma vek hi Mizo Bible chuan rilru tiin a letling tih kan tarlan tawh kha. Pathian Thlarau, Isua Thlarau etc. tia hman a ni fo bawk nen mihring thlarau sawina chauh a ni lo tih kan hriatfiah leh phawt a \ul awm e. Nunna (soul) nen an inlaichindan kan la um zui ang.
La famkim hauh lo mah sela eng emaw chenah kan sawi chipchiar ta viau va. A hmasa lama nunna kan sawi, bios, zoê, yammim etc.-te kha an pawimawh em em rualin kan thupuiin a tum tak a nih loh avangin kan um zui thui ta lo mai a ni.
5) hmf#fn: (Neshama):
Ruah9 leh nephesh hi eng emaw ti tiin a tlang lawn deuh va, hmf#fn; (Neshama) tih tak erawh hi chuan sawi a hlawh zing lutuk lo deuh. Thaw emaw mihring thlarau emaw tihna a ni a.[43] Neshama chu hmanna chi hrang hrang heng: Pathian thaw, mei anga kâng thei sawina te (Is. 30:33), mihring thaw (I Lalte 17:17; Is. 42:5; Dan. 10:7) sawi nan te, nunna thaw (Gen. 2:7) sawi nan te, Pathian thaw mihringa awm (Job. 34:14, 30:4) sawi nan te, thaw thei tawh phawt (Deut. 20:16; Jos. 11:11; I Lalte 15:29; Joh. 10:40) sawi nan te leh mihring thlarau (Thuf. 20:27-Mizo Bible-ah chuan mihring rilru-O.V. Reference; mihring chhung-C.L. Reedited) sawi nan te hman a ni.
Juda Rabbite thu ziaka (Rabbinic anthropology) a landan chuan xaw@r (ruah9), #$pene (nephesh) leh hmf#fn: (neshama) hi mihring nunna (soul) sawi nana thuhmun renga hman \hin a ni a. Chu a chhapah thlarau (spirit) leh nunna (soul) tih hi hman hran a ni ngai lo. Soul tih a ni emaw, spirit tih a ni emaw, thliar hranga hmang hrang lovin taksa ni lo zawk hi he thumal pahnih (soul leh spirit) hian an sawi mai a ni. hmf#fn; (Neshama) ber zawk hi nunna (soul, spirit nen a thuhmun reng), van a\anga lo kal sawina a ni zawk mah mah a. Mihringte hi taksa leh thlarau (spirit/soul) infin khawm a ni an ti mai \hin. Taksa hi lei a\anga chhuak a nih laiin thlarau hi van lam chhuak a ni tiin an sawi \hin a ni.[44]
Soul hi nunna tiin kan dah chhuak tawp rih a, spirit pawh thlarau tiin. Amaherawhchu hei hian spirit leh soul-te ze hrang leh nihna hrang nei an ni tih a kawk lo. Kan sawi thui tawlh tawlh anga a chiang tawlh tawlh ang. Rabbinic anthropology chuan soul leh spirit chu a sawi pawlh a, awmze hran a kawhtîr lo; thlarau, van lam chhuak a sawi mai a ni. Chuvangin a eng zawk zawk pawh hi rannungte nunna emaw mihring thlarau (rannungte nunna aia chungnung) emaw sawi hran nana lo thliar hran hmiah hmiah hi hriat loh hlana tîm miah lova rinthu phuahchawpna mai a ni zawk.
Spirit Leh Soul Umzuina
Thuthlung Hlui leh Thuthlung Thara spirit leh soul hman dan zir chian nana \ul zual nia lang xaw@r (ruah9), #$pene (nephesh), hmf#fn; (neshama), pneuma (pneuma) leh yuch (psyche) awmzia leh hmanna chi hrang hrang kan zir a\ang hian ngaih dan leh pawm dan tur a hriat theih tawh ang. Ruah9 hi thlarau sawina chauh leh nephesh pawh lei nunna (soul/life), thlarau lak a\anga hrang hlauh anga sawina hi pawm tluantlin theih a ni lova. Mihring dintu bung hrang pathum zinga pahnih ang phei chuan ngaih chi a ni lo. Sawi hrang lova hman pawlh leh hman kawp \hin a ni. Chutiang bawkin pneuma leh psyche pawh TMEF rindan anga thlei hran leh mihring dintu (constituent) phel sînna hmanrua atana hman an ni chuang lo. Thlarau tiin emaw nunna tiin emaw hman hran a lo nih hian kan buai mai tur a ni lovang. Rannung leh mihring thlarau khaikhina inhai buai mai hi thil \ul lo tak, amaherawhchu hriat chian ngai ang reng tak chu a ni.
Mizo Bible phei chuan a chângin psyche hi thlarau (Mt. 22:37; Lk 10:27 etc) tiin a letling hlauh zawk ve bawk \hin.
Hman pawlh nawk nawk an nihdan (spirit leh soul) zir chian leh zual nan Phil 1:27, “…thlarau hmun khata ding nghetin, rilru hmun khat puin…” (C.L Re-edited) tih hi ilo en teh ang. Thlarau hmun khat tih hi Greek \awng chuan eJni; pneuvmati (heni pneumati a ni a, hen pneuma tih a\anga lokal a ni) a ni a; rilru hmun khat tih thung hi mia/` yuch/` (mia psyche-mia sukhe) tia ziah a ni. eJni (heni) leh mia`/ (mia) tih hi pakhat tihna ve ve a ni. Thu hlâwm hnuhnung zawka mi hi rilru tiin letling mah sela nunna tia an sawi \hin psyche (sukhe) kha a ni a. Kan thu khel lâi pahnih-pneuma leh psyche hman kawpna châng a ni a, pakhat emaw hmun khat tih nena hman kawp an ni. Mi \henkhat chuan hei hi thlarau (pneuma-spirit) leh nunna (psyche-soul) \hen hranna atan leh trichotomy (bung hrang pathuma mihring \hen sawmna) \anfung atan an hmang.
He chânga pneuma leh psyche hi mihring chungchâng sawina (anthropology) a ni a. Thu kal hmang hran ni lovin thu thuhmun leh \huang khata kal sawina (parallel) a ni. Bung hnih emaw bung thum emawa mihring \hensawm tumna a ni lem lo.[45] He chânga heni pneumati (eJni; pneuvmati-thlarau pakhat/hmun khat) tih thu hian Philippi khuaa mite inpumkhat dan tur uar takin a sawi a, mia psyche (mia sukhe/mia/` yuch-rilru hmun khat) tih hian (an mawhphurhna hlenchhuah kawnga) rilru-a inlungrualna a kâwk bawk.[46] He thu hlawm pahnih kal kawp hian thu uarna \awngkam a siam chhuak a ni. He thu-ah mai pawh hian Greek \awng hausakna kan thlauhzia a chiang awm e. Thu uarna \awngkam hi man fuh loh palh chuan hâk bawrh bawrh tham a ni reng a ni.
Trichotomy rindan hi Greek mifing Plato-a (c.429-347 BC) hun lai a\anga lo ri \an tawh a ni a. Amaherawhchu tunlai trichotomy anga thlarau-nunna-taksa (pneuma-yuch-swma-pneuma-psyche-soma) ang hi a ni chiah lo tih kan sawi tawh kha. Juda-ho rin dan chuan Pathian Thlarau hi mihring taksa leh nunna aia chungnung a ni a. Chu rindan (Pathian Thlarau chungnunna) chu mihring thlarauvah belin mihring thlarau pawh chu taksa aia chungnung niin an ngai ta a ni.[47] He trichotomic history-ah hian hriat pawlh palh a awm theiin a lang. Thlarau chungnunna kan sawi hian mihring taksa leh nunna (soul or yuch) chunga thlarau (spirit/pneuma) awm sawina a ni kher lova. Juda theology a ni tih hria a, a hma lama kan zir hrep tawh kha hriat reng tur a ni ang (ruah9, nephesh, neshama, pneuma leh psyche chungchâng zir bingna kha, a bîk takin rabbinic anthropology kha ennawn leh nise).
Tirhkoh Paula hian Greek trichotomy zul zui deuh hian thlarau-rilru-taksa (pneuma-psyche-soma) tiin I Thes. 5:23-ah[48] a ziak tlar a. Chu chu mithiam \henkhatten Tirhkoh Paula trichotomic theology-ah an ngai a, TMEF pawhin trichotomy thupui châng thlanah an nei ta a ni.[49]
Mahse he ngaihdan hi mithiam pahnih, Von Dobschultz leh Rudolph Bultmann-a ten an hnawl fithla \hak a. Rudolph Bultmann-a phei chuan ‘thil danga hmehbel tur a ni lova, he Bible chângin a sawi chhante hi an puma (entirety) humhim (kept sound) an nihna tur sawina a ni’ tiin as sawi.[50] Bultmann-a, Thuthlung Thar zir chîktu mi hmingthang berte zinga mi hian \hen hranna thu a ni lo tih a zir chhuak a. Bung hrang mal tê têa \hen sawm diat diat anga lang hi Mizo Bible-in a pumin a tih ang deuh hian mihring pûmhlum sawina a nih thu fel fai takin a puang a ni.
Mihring pumhlum leh famkim (totally and completely) sawifiah nan Paula hian hmanlai \hen thum \awngkam hlui (ancient trichotomy) a hmang mai a ni a, bung thuma mihring thlei hran tumna a ni lo tih hriat a \ha.[51] Paula hian mihring nihphung chhawng thum sawi a tum lova; kan sawi fo tawh angin mihring pum pui (whole person) a sawi zawk a ni. He chânga thu hman bik, holokleron (oJlovklhron-pumhlum) tih hi awmze nei taka hman a ni nghe nghe a. Tamlam sawina (quantitative) ni lovin nihna (qualitative) kâwka hman a ni. Chu chuan pumkhatna/kimna (integrity) te, famkim (complete) leh kehdarh lova (undamaged) awm eng emaw a sawi a ni. Chuvangin he châng pawh hi trichotomy sawina ni lovin mihring pûmhlum leh famkim, inpumkhat thu sawina a ni zawk.[52]
Kan taksaa a englai mah hi Pathianin hmangaih loh bîk leh pawimawh tih loh bîk a nei lova. A rawng bawl tura thlan bîk pawh a nei chuang lo. A zavai hian Pathian siam vek a nih avangin kan tinther a\anga kan chhungril ber thlengin A ta ni turin leh A rawng bawl nana hmang turin min hrilh a ni. Chuvangin, Bible-a kan hmuh ang hian kan englai mai pawh hi Pathian chawimawina leh A rawngbawl nan kan serh hrang vek tur a ni. Chumi chu kan hriat chian lehzual theih nan Pathian Lehkhabu Thianghlima hmun tinrêngah chiang leh zuala hrilhna-in rilru, taksa, thlarau, nunna etc.-in Pathian chawimawi rawh u…tiin thuchah kan hmu \hin. Chu chu inpumkhatna pawimawh zia lanna pakhat a ni nghal bawk. Chak loh sa nâk alaia chak lo lehzual turin Pathian thu hian mihring hi a \hen darh ngai lova, chi hrang hrang anga lang theite pawh hi a hnûk khawm hram hram zawk a ni.
Heb. 4:12,[53] ‘nunna leh thlarau…phel hran’ thu pawh hi trichotomy thua TMEF châng vawn pawimawh tak bawk a ni.[54] Schweizer-a chuan ngun taka a zir hnuah he chângah hian trichotomy hmêlhmang thur nalh tur a awm love, tiin a ngaihdan a sawi.[55]
Kan sawi kan sawi tawh ang khan thil ni lo tam tak hi ni tlata kan hriatna hian ni âwm takin a lantîr \hin a. =anna ngaia \an laklawh phei chuan \anfung \ha ni âwma lang feih feih leh ni âwma lang lo thlengin, miin an finfiah tak tak dawn lova kan hriat phei chuan ham bawrh bawrh mai a awl \hin. Hei hi thil mak pawh a ni hran lo. Amaherawhchu zir lem lova kan lo pawm mai \hin te hi zirna leh chhuifiahnain a hmuh chhuah nena hmehbela, her rem ngai lai a lo awm hian inhêr rêm ngâm khawpin Pathian thu hi dahsângin thinlung nêm pu fo ila chuan (Pathian thu chauh lo pawh) keimahni-ah thu nung a ri nawn fovin a rinawm.
Thupuan 6:9 thu hi han zep leh hram ila. Chhinchhiahna pangana phelh a nih velleh maicham hnuaiah chuan Pathian thu avang leh an thu hrilh avanga thah mithianghlimte thlarau chu Johanan a hmu a. He thlarau hi psyche (yuch-sukhe), TMEF zirtirnaa rannungte nena inang kan neih lei nunna, taksa thih ruala boral ve nghal leh chatuan mi ni ve lo[56] kha a ni tlat mai. Mahse Johana hmuh chu he Psyche hi a ni miau si! Bâwng nunna ang lek, a taksa thih ruala thi ve nghal mai tur Psyche (soul-nunna) chu mithianghlim thahte thlarau, Johana hmuh chu an nih leh tho si chuan sawi fel ngai lian pui a awm chêk ang. TMEF-in thlarau a hriatthiamdan hi a dik tak zet chuan Thup 6:9-ah hian yuch (psyche-sukhe) hmang lovin pneuma (pneuma-neuma) hman a ni ngei tur a ni. A chhan chu, TMEF ngaihdan chuan, boral ve lo chu thlarau (spirit-pneuma-pneuma) chauh a ni; nunna (yuch-psyche-sukhe) ni lovin. Psyche chu thlarau tihna a ni zel dawn a ni ang, ti ila, pneuma tih hi thlarau sawi nana hman lar ber a ni bawk si.
Parallelism
He thu kan chai mek lai hian min tivar leh zual turin Hebrai-ho leh an hunlai khawvel (ancient near eastern poetry) \awngkam leh \awngkauchheh chi khat han tarlang zawk ila. Tlar/châng hmasaa thu sawi tawh, \awngkam danga sawi nawn lehna (repetition) hi parallelism an ti a. Hetianga thu sawi hi an uar viau \hin awm e. Entîr nan Sam 103:10 hi han la chhuak ila:
Kan sualnate angin kan chungah a ti lo va, Kan khawlohnate angin min thungrul hek lo.
Sualna leh khawlohna tih hi hla (poetry) kalhmang chi khat, parallelism an tih kalhmang zuia siam chu a ni a. Sualna hian sawi tum pakhat neia, khawlohna hian kawh hran nei a ni lo va. Tum thuhmun, sawi chhuah dan dang emaw, thu awmze inang, a tlukpui \awngkam danga sawi nawnna a ni a. Mihring sualna sawina ve ve a ni. Hetianga sawi tawh sawi nawn lehna (parallelism) hi Habakuka 3:18[57] leh hmun dang tam takah kan hmu.
Parallelism hi chi hrang hrang a awm a. Chu’ng zinga a pawimawh zualte chu Synonymous Parallelism, Antithetic Parallelism leh Synthetic Parallelism te an ni.[58]
Synonymous parallelism-ah chuan a tlar/châng hmasa zawka a sawi tawh kha \awngkam dang deuh, amaherawhchu awmze thuhmun chiah hmangin a sawi nawn leh \hin. A chunga Bible châng kan tarlan (Sam 103:10 leh Hab. 3:18) ang chi hi a ni; \awngkam hran, nimahsela awmze thuhmun sawina a ni.
Kan sualnate angin kan chungah a ti lo va, Kan khawlohnate angin min thungrul hek lo. (Sam 103:10).
Antithetic Parallelism-ah chuan a hma ami letling chiah kha kan hmu a. Tlar/châng hmasaa mi kawp rem chiahin, nimahsela a kawlkalhzâwng (contrast) chiah khan hman a ni ve thung a. Entîr nan Thuf. 10:1 hi lo la chhuak leh ila:
Fapa fingin pa lawm a siam a, Fapa â erawh chu nu rihna ni.
Synthetic parallelism chu tlemin a zia a hrang deuh. A hmaa mite anga thu awmze thuhmun, \awngkam danga sawi nawnna emaw, a kalhzawng chiaha sawina emaw lam a ni lo va. Thu inzawm leh inhrul tak, amaherawhchu a thu hmasa chhanna emaw ni kher si lo hi a ni. Entîr nan Thuriltu 11:2 thu hi han en leh chhin ila:
Chan tûr pe la, mi pasarih, pariat hnênah, I hre si lo, lei chungah hian thil tha lo, lo tla tûr chu.
Hei hi Hebrai parallelism kal phung chu a ni a. Man chian a ngai hle a ni. Heng bâkah hian parallelism chi hrang hrang[59] a la awm cheu tho va; amaherawhchu heng zingah rau rau pawh hian Synonymous parallelism hi kan thlûr ber tur a ni zel dawn a ni, a dang a pawimawh lo tihna ni lovin.
Hetiang parallelism (Synonymous parallelism) hi Bible châng hmun tam takah kan hmu a. A awmzia fiah taka hrilhfiah dik thei tur chuan Bible ziaktute (Hebrai leh Greek) \awng kalphung kan hriat a pawimawh hle a ni. Chumi hre uk si lova Mizo \awng kalhmang pângngai ang ngiak ngiaka hrilhfiah kan tum mai chuan a ziaktute ziah leh sawi tum dan dik tak phawk chhuak zo tak tak lovin a \um tlâk zak theih a. Chumi ngaihthah duhna chu Bible sawidal tumna lian tak pakhat a niin, Bible thu chah a ngial a ngana pawm lohna thûk tak a ni.
Hemi zir chiang tur hian Luka 1:46, 47 (Mari fakna hla) hi lo bih chhin ila.
Tin, Marin, “Ka nun hian Lalpa a chawimawi e, Ka thlarau pawh mi chhandamtu Pathian chungah a lâwm ta em em a.
Mari fak hla saka Lalpa chawimawitu leh Pathian chunga lawm em em hi nun leh thlarau, kan thu sawi kal lai mek, nunna (yuch-psyche) leh thlarau (pneuma-pneuma) kha a ni a. He chângah hian heng thu pahnihte hi hman kawp a ni.
He châng hi trichotomy \anfung \ha tak niin mithiamte pawhin a hre \hin. He chângah hian kan sawi tâk Synonymous parallelism ruangam kha hmun hnih laiah a lo lang reng mai a. ‘Chawimawi’ tih leh ‘lâwm’ tih hi Synonymous parallelism a ni a. Chutiang bawkin nunna leh thlarau tih pawh hi Synonymous parallelism a ni.[60]
Nunna leh thlarau sawi kawpin he Synonymous parallelism hi Thuthlung Hluiah pawh a langsar khawp mai, nephesh (soul) leh ruah9 (spirit) tiin (Sam 77:2–3; Job. 12:10; Isa. 26:9). He parallelism tho hi Lk. 1:46, 47-a kan hmuh hi a ni a. Sawi hran tum ni awm takin nunna leh thlarau (yuchv, ‘soul,’ leh pneu`ma, ‘spirit’) tiin kan hmu.
Lk. 1:46, 47-ah hian thumal hran (nunna leh thlarau) hman ni mah se Synonymous parallelism ziarâng kan sawi tawh ang khan mihring chhunga thil pahnih, nunna (soul) leh thlarau (spirit) sawi hranna a ni lova, a sawi ngai vêk sawi nawn lehna, Synonymous parallelism a ni zawk a ni. Nunna leh thlarau tia Marin a sawi hian ‘amah leh amah’ (self) a insawi mai a ni a. Hei hi a chunga kan sawite (Sam 77:2–3; Job. 12:10; Isa. 26:9) nen khian awmze thuhmun reng a ni bawk.[61]
Thuthlung Thar zirnaa mithiam tak pakhat, Weiss-a phei chuan a duhthawh ngang mai a, “Nunna leh thlarau thliar hran \alh tumna hian Thuthlung Thar-a he thu hmanna reng rengah tlawhchhan mumal pakhat mah a nei lo,” (distinction drawn between yuch (psyche) and pneuma (pneuma) have absolutely no foundation in the New Testament usages) a ti thlâwt a ni.[62]
Weiss-a \awngkam hi a fawr lutuk deuh a nih pawhin thliar hran theih a ni lo tih tal chu kan pawm a \ul hrim hrim a ni. Taksa/tisa piah lama hmuh theih loh leh khawih theih loh (immaterial) mihring nihphung (nature) sawina a ni a. Mari fakna hlaa parallelism a lo awm kher hian a sawi tum chu, a lei leh hmui mai ni lo, a chhungril/zawng zawngin, a lang a pau mai bâk chhamin Mari hian Pathian a chawimawi a ni tih a tarlang.[63]
He parallelism hian thuchah ropui tak mai min hnutchhiah a. Khawngaihna leh hriatthiamna tel hauh lova teh tur ni ila chuan lei chunga mihring zawng zawng hi Pathian thianghlimna leh dikna hmaah teh tlin tur reng reng kan awm lo. Kan \hatna leh felna zawng zawngte pawh Pathian thianghlimna hmaah chuan pawnchhe hnangkhai ang lek a ni bawk si a (Is. 64:6). Mihringte tan beisei tur reng reng a awm hauh lo vang.
Suala a khawloh avangin mihring chuan Pathian lawm a hlawh zo ta lova. Hre reng chunga Pathian dan an bawhchhiat chinah chuan A vaukhan lawk ang ngeiin mihring chu Pathian lakah mitthi a lo ni ta. Nimahsela hmangaihna leh lainatnaa khat Pathian chuan kan suangtuahna aia nasa zawkin min ngaihhnathiam a. A khawngaihnaa kawng min sialsak hnuin amah pawla hnaih leh theihna remchâng min kawhhmuh leh zel a. Hnawmhne mai kan nih tawh vei nen, Ama lam chauh kan en phawt chuan kan lam A hawi leh ang tih min tiam leh zel bawk.
A nihna takah chuan mihringa a eng lai mah hi Pathian tana \ha tawk a awm lo. Kan kutte hi thil sual tihna kut a niin pawi tinreng a khawih reng a; kan kete hi hmun dik lova kalna ke a ni. Kan mitte hian sualah min hruai lut \hin a, kan hmuite hian sual thu a sawi \hin a, kan bengte hi thu lawi lo lamah a za \hin. Amaherawhchu A khawngaihna avang liau liauvin kan kut leh ke, kan taksa peng tin mai hi Pathianin Ama tan min pawmsak ta zawk a. Mihring theihna zawng zawng inhlawm khawm pawh hi Pathian lakah chuan eng tham mah a nih loh teh lul nen A zahngaihna thla zar hnuaiah chuan kan aw leh ka hmanga kan faknate hi rimtuiah min lo pawmsak duh reng mai a lo ni a. Kan taksa, thinlung, lei, \ing\ang, khuang leh thil dang reng renga kan faknate hi tlawm teh mah se tlingah min pawmsak hlauh mai (Sam 103:1, 2, 22; 104:1, 35; 119:175;142:7; 146:1; Sam 119:172; 134:2; 145:21;149:6; 33:2; 40:3; 43:4; 51:15; 63:3;,4,5;71:8, 22; 86:12; 98:5; 109:30). Pathian chu a ropui thlawt a ni.
Nimahsela che zia leh ri nazawng hi Pathianin amah fakna tlingah a puang mai lo. Thinlung dik pu lova Amah fakna chu bengchheng leh ninawm tak a ni a (Amos. 5:21-23). Thinlung leh tihtakzet A duh a ni. Chuti a nih loh chuan darbenthek, ri mai mai ang chauh a ni ang.
Thuthlung Hlui leh Thuthlung Tharah hian Pathian leh mihring sawi zawm a ni \hin. Chutah chuan mihringin Pathian a pawl theihna leh a pawh theihna kawng chu zawng zawng nun a ni a. Hemi sawi chhuahna atan hian chhunglam leh pawnlam mihring nihna hmingte pawh hman a ni. Taksa, rilru, thlarau, nunna, thinlung, mit leh a dangte hi mihring pumhlum leh famkim zia tarlan nan Pathian Lehkhabu ziaktuten an hmang \hin a. Chubâkah hla thu a nih chuan parallelism hmangtea hriattîr kan ni bawk. Chu chu Lk. 1:46, 47 leh hmun danga kan hmuh, nunna leh thlarau chungchângah hian a lang thei awm e. Heng hi mihring phelsawmna ni lovin \hahnemngaihna \awngkam a ni.
Chuvangin pneuma leh psyche hi mihring bung hrang pahnih-thlarau (spirit, mihringa a chungnung ber leh Pathian dawrtu, chatuan mi) leh nunna (soul, lei nunna, rannungte nena angkhata kan neih, taksa thih ruala thi ve tur) sawi hranna a ni tih ngaihdan hi thu belhchian dâwl tawk lo a ni.
Tichuan, pneuma tih chu thlarau, thli, mihring, mi etc. tihna a ni a; chutiang bawkin psyche chu rilru, nunna, mi, thlarau, mihring pumhlum etc. sawina tho a ni a. Bible ziaktute hian an hman pawlh nawk nawk a ni. Chuvangin trichotomy (bung thum-thlarau [spirit], nunna [soul] leh taksa [body] a mihring \henna) thurin chuan thu thui zawk hawlh tlang tur chuan \anfung a nei \ha tawk lo deuh.
Tuna kan thu thlur mek hi la famkim tawk hauh lo mah se hriatthiam theih khawp chuan a chipchiar tawhin a rinawm. Chuvangin heng- ruah9, nephesh, neshama, pneuma leh psyche bihchiannate hian TMEF trichotomy[64] hi zirtirna (theology) chak tâwk lo a ni tih a tarlang a ni.
Spirit leh soul chu thil hrang a nih miau si loh chuan free will leh free choice pawh inchansem theih a ni lo tih a chiang leh ta a. Chuvangin duhna zalên (free will) leh duhthlanna zalên (free choice) chu thil hrang, hna hran thawk, hawi lam inang lo, a nihna leh a kawh danglam luaa ngaihna chu thu bulfûk \ha tawk nei lo a ni a. Chu chuan, chumi a\anga thu kal zêl, thlarau (ruah9 emaw pneuma emaw) leh duhna zalên (free will) inkawp bîka, nunna (nephesh emaw psyche emaw) leh duhthlanna zalên (free choice) inkawp bîk anga ngaihna te, duhna zalên (free will) chauh chu Pathian thlangtu ni a, duhthlanna zalên (free choice) chu khawvel thila duhthlanna, Pathian rim nam ve lo, tih ngaihdan chu thil theih loh tawp a ni tih a finfiah bawk. Piangtharte chauhvin free will an hmang theia, piangthar loten free will an hman theih loh avângin Pathian an thlang thei lo, thlang tura sâwmna anga lang rêng rêng pawh hi piangthar tura sâwmna ni lovin piangthar tawhte duhthlang tura sâwmna mai a ni tih pawmdan pawh hi thu awmze nei lo a ni bawk.
Chuti a nih chuan thu awmze neitham tak, chatuan nunna neih leh neih loh kawnga mahni inhre chiang lo te, piangtharna la chang lo nia inhria te, Pathian la pawh pha ngai reng reng lo te tan pawh hun remchang a awm tih a hriat theih ta a ni. Miin Pathian leh A hnathawh a hriata a awih tak zet chuan atana a \hathnemna tur pawh a hai thei tawh \hin lo. Chu thu varpawh pha lotute chuan \ha dawn viauvin ring \hin mah se an nunna atan Pathian an thlang tak tak thei lova. Rilru pangkhing takin, tuilai rapin an awm reng \hin. Nimahsela chu thutak varpawhtute chuan an hriat chian Pathianah chauh chuan an rinna leh thinlung zawng zawng an nghat pumhlum \hak a. Hlauhthawnna leh rinhlelhna pakhat mah nei lovin an rilru leh chhia leh \ha hriatna zawng zawngin Pathian chauh an thlang lo thei tawh lo. Chu chu duhthlanna zalên hmanga mihringin Pathian a thlan dan chu a ni. Chu duhthlanna zalên chu mihring tungchhova kal zawng zawngte tan a zalên a. A duha thuin Pathian emaw Setana emaw a thlang \hin a ni.
Mihring chhungril chu a thliar hran theih loh ang bawkin duhna zalên leh duhthlanna zalên thliar hranga thu phuah chawp vak hian kawng ro a su lem lo. Mi thu phuah chhuah kalh vak anga a lan theihna a awm a ni mai thei; amaherawhchu chu chu ka tum a ni ber lova. He thu hi thil \ha zawk hring chhuak thei ni sela chuan theology chherchhuah leh siam rem zel hi mithiam hnathawh a nih avângin a ngaihsanawm hle tur a ni a. Mahse he theology hian mihring nuna duhthlanna inbûk leh inlehthal reng, mihring nuna indona nun a chhuifiah lo mai ni lovin a tibuai thui tawlh tawlh zawk a ni.
Dichotomy Nge Trichotomy?
Kohhran Pate hunlai a\anga AD 1850 vel thleng khan Paulan mihring chungchâng a sawinaah (anthropology) mihring hi bung hnihah (dichotomy-taksa leh thlarau?) nge a \hen sawm bung thumah (trichotomy-taksa, nunna leh thlarau) tih hi inhnialna bâng thei lo a lo ni tawh a. Kohhran Pate zingah rau rau pawh Greek Father-ho hian trichotomy lam an \an a; Latin Father-hovin dichotomy an awn thung. Heti a nih mek lai hian ngaihdan tlanglawn lo ang reng tak, dichotomy leh trichotomy hnawl ve vena a lo chhuak tlat mai a. Mithiam zet mai, Hoekema-a chuan, “Bible hian mihring hi a nihna pumhlum, famkim leh pumkhat takin a sawi a. Tun dam chhung hian mihring hi phelsawm theih a ni lo hrim hrim a ni,” a ti a.[65] Bung thum a ni emaw, bung hnih a ni emaw, mihring damlai \hendarhna reng reng hi a dik thei lo a ni a ti a. Stacey-a phei chuan duhthawh takin, ‘taksa a\anga nunna (psyche) \henhran (separation) chu Paula thu hnawlna/paihthlakna (extinction) a ni’ a ti bur mai.[66] |henhran thu hrim hrim hian vawi eng emaw zat ngaihtuah nawn a phu tlat a ni. Chuvangin kan en zui zel ang.
Inpumkhat Chunga |hendarhna (Diversity in Unity):
Paula hian mihring hi kawng hnih: tisa/taksa/lang thei lam (corporeal) leh thlarau lam/lang thei lo lam (incorporeal) thlirnain a thlir \hin a. Lang thei/khawih theih (corporeal) lam hawizâwnga a thlir châng chuan tisa, taksa tih thute a hmang \hin. Mihring chhung lam thil (incorporeal) lam a hrut châng chuan thinlung, rilru, thlarau nunna (soul) etc. tiin a sawi fo bawk. A châng phei chuan ualau taka chhunglam leh pawnlam thliar hrangin “... a taksa leh a thlarauvah chuan thianghlim takin a awm theihna turin Lalpa lam thil chu a lungkham \hin” (I. Kor. 7:34)-te pawh a ti a.
Mihring taksa peng hrang hming a lam \hinte hi (entîr nan, thinlung etc.) hai rual lohvin mihring taksa peng tak tak chu ni teh meuh mah se thin (heart/liver) tak tak a nihna min hriattîr a tum lova; pawnlam mihring ni lo mihring chhungril nun a sawina a ni.[67] Paula hian mihring chungchâng a sawi hian, mihring pumhlum (whole person), zawng zawng kan tih mai \hin hi sawi ngawrh viau mah sela, chhung lam leh pawnlam hnathawh a hran ang zela hmer khawm vek a rem \euh loh hun hmu ranin, inpumkhat chung chunga \hendarhna a sawi lo thei lo a ni. Chu chuan kan nawm kan mâka kan phelsinna ni lovin, mihring pumhlum ni mah sela lei leh van dinhmun hrethiam kawp thei turin, dah hrang nuai si lovin a sawi hrang mai a ni.
Darh Chunga Pumkhatna (Unity In Diversity):[68]
Sawi tawh angin Paula hian mihring chhungril nun (incorporeal) sawi nan thinlung, tisa, rilru etc. a hmang \hin a. Heng thu ngai vêk hi vawi tam tak sual leh a hnathawh sawifiah nan hmang \hin mah sela a zawng a za chuan a ni vek lo. Thinlung (rilru-OV Reference) chuan chanchin \ha a zawm thei a (Rom 6:17), taksa pawh inthawina nung leh thianghlim leh Pathian lawm tlaka inhlan tura ngen theih a ni bawk (Rom 12:1). Tisa leh taksa tih pawh hi sual lam hawi hauh lovin a hmang fo mai (Rom 1:3; 4:1; 6:19; 9:3; I Kor. 1:26; 15:50 etc.).
Heti teh duata Paulan a sawi hian chhan mumal tak a nei a. Heng zawng zawng hi thil hran leh tum inang lo vek anga ngaih theihna lai a awm mai thei. Chiang takin a sawi diat diat a. An nihna leh an hnathawh pawh a sawi chiang thawkhat. Nimahsela chuti chung chung chuan Paula hian heng zawng zawngte hi ‘pumkhat an ni e’ tih min hrilh a tum a ni. II Kor. 7:1-ah Paula chuan tisa (flesh) chu thlarau nen meuh a suih zawm a; an pahnih hian tihthianghlim ve ve tur a ni a ti.[69] A hmaa kan sawi zawh hlim hlawl, chhunglam leh pawnlam \hen sawm (diversity in unity) a \ul avanga a sawi hran khan mihring a phel sin a ni lova, mihring dinhmun chhui chiangin inpumkhatna nun a tarlang zawk a ni.
I Kor 12:12-31 chhovah khan ringtu inpumkhatna chungchâng sawifiah nan Paulan mihring taksa peng hrang hrang a sawi a. Mit, kut, ke leh a dangten anmahni ang ni ve lote an thlauh thlâk mai a remchan lohzia te, an zavaia inbelhbawm chu taksa a nih zawk thu te, taksaah chuan in\henna reng reng a awm loh thu te a sawi a ni. Chutiang chiah chuan chhunglam leh pawnlama mihring nihna leh thil awm zawng zawng (thlarau, nunna, taksa, mit, beng, thinlung, rilru, hriatna etc.) infinkhawm chu mihring famkim leh pumhlum a ni a. |hen hran chuan mihring a nihna a famkim tawh lo nghal pang a ni. He thu kalphung hi eng danga ko lovin darh chunga pumkhatna (unity in diversity) kan ti mai a ni.
He thu hi a hriat chian em avangin Paula ngei pawhin thlarau, rilru leh taksa inpumkhatna[70] a ngaipawimawh hle mai a; a puma humhima awm turin a duh a ni. He chânga thu pathumte (thlarau, rilru leh taksa) hi chhunglam leh pawnlam mihring nihphung, kan sawi tâk ang kha a ni a. Lei lam chan leh van lam chan thliar hrang hauh lovin, a pumin humhimin awm rawh se a ti mai a ni. He thu pathumte inhlawmkhawm hi mihring nihphung hrilhfiahna (definition) a ni lova, inpumkhatna thu uar taka sawina (emphasis) a ni zawk.[71]
Chhunglam leh pawnlam infinkhawm, mihring famkim chuan Pathian thu a zawm tlat tur a ni tih thu hi Bible thuchah pawimawh tak a ni. Duhthawh taka sawina \awngkam kan hmu hnem hle a. Hei hian kan zawng zawnga Pathian tana inpe tur kan nihna a paipawn tlat. Chutih rual erawh chuan hmuh theih leh hmuh theih loh lamah mihring nihphung a awm a ni tih pawh kan hriat a ngai tho. Chu’ngte chu kan hriat thiam theih nan mihring taksa peng hmangtea sawifiah an ni \hin. A ngial a ngana lak theih loh lai pawh a awm fo reng a. Nimahsela a zavaia infinkhawm hian mihring tling a siam ang hian heng zawng zawng \angkhawm hian mihring famkim leh Pathian inlaichinna a siam a. Chu ber chu Bible thu ken, chhandamna thuchah chu a ni.
Nunna leh thlarau tia thliar hranna hi sawi hranna mai chauh a ni a, thliar hranna tak tak a ni lo. |hahnemngai taka thu sawi uarna leh mihring pumhlum, a eng lai mah hmaih \helh bîk nei lova Pathian lama mihring awm dan tur leh dinhmun sawina a ni tih hi kan chian em em a ngai a ni.
Kawng lehlamah erawh chuan lang thei lam leh lang thei lo lam, taksa leh chhungril lam nihna chu a awm hrang ngei mai a. Kan sawi tawh ang khan soul tih chuan mihring pumhlum (whole person) a sawi a. Nunna tihna pawh a ni bawk. Thlarau tihna pawh a ni thei tho. Pneuma hi thlarau sawina atana hman zin ber a ni a. Chuvangin he thumal pahnihte hi awmze pakhat chauh nei leh hlir hlaka mihring \hensawmna \awngkam ang maia sawi chi a ni lo. Hman an nihna hmun leh hun a zir zela danglamna nei a ni. A awmzia chu, kan pum hian, a bo a bang awm lovin Pathian ta kan ni a. Chuvangin kan pumin Pathian rawng kan bawl tur a ni. Pathianin duh loh lai leh duh bîk lai a nei chuang lova, a pumin a phût tawp mai a ni. Hei hi Bible ziaktute pawhin an hre hneh hle a. Chuvangin rilru, taksa, thlarau, tiin an hmang kawp zauh zauh \hin bawk.
[1] Pathian thu hi a nung a, thil a ti thei a, khandaih hriam tawn eng ang ai pawhin a hriam a, nunna leh thlarau, ruhtuah leh thling phel hrang khawp hialin a chhun thei a, \hinlunga ngaihtuah leh tumte hi a hre nghal thei a ni.
[2] Rohmingliana, Trinity leh Mihring, 176, 177.
[3] Plato, Symposion. 181d, 203d. Quoted by H.-G. Link, Life, NIDDNT.
[4] H.-G. Link, Life, NIDDNT.
[5] Ibid.
[6] H. Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, I, 425. Quoted by H.-G. Link, Life, NIDDNT.
[7] H.-G. Link, Life, NIDDNT.
[8] Ibid.
[9] Ibid. (Cf. BDB, 310-313)
[10] Ibid.
[11] D.H. Johnson, Life, Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospel, 469.
[12] Homer, Odyssey, 14, 426. Quoted by G. Harder, Soul, NIDDNT.
[13] Sophocles, Antigone 227. Quoted by G. Harder, Soul, NIDDNT.
[14] Xenophon, Memorabilia 4, 3, 14. Quoted by G. Harder, Soul, NIDDNT.
[15] Homer, Odyssey. 24, 25 ff. Quoted by G. Harder, Soul, NIDDNT.
[16] Homer, Iliad, 23, 64 ff., 100 ff.; Odyssey, 11, 387. Quoted by G. Harder, Soul, NIDDNT
[17] Deut 23:25; Hos 9:4; Thuf 12:10, 10:3, 16:26.
[18] Sam 35:25; Deut 21:14, I Sam 2:35; Sam 78:18, 105:72.
[19] Sam 107:9; Thuf 19:5
[20] I Sam 18:1.
[21] II Sam 19:6.
[22] BDB, 660. keimah (me-Gen 49:6); nangmah (thee-Is 43:4); anmahni (they-Is 46:2) etc.
[23] G. von Rad, Old Testament Theology, I, (London: SCM Press Ltd, 1975), 153.
[24] Westermann, TLOT, II, 755.
[25] G. Harder, Soul, NIDDNT.
[26] A. Sand, “yuch,” EDNT, vol 3, 501.
[27] G. Harder, Soul, NIDDNT.
[28] Thuthlung Thar hrilhfiahna (exegesis) atan chuan Bible dictionary rintlak tak leh Grammar bu rawn tlâk tak rawn tur a ni a. A \awngbul a\anga mahnia letlinga hmanraw dang nena hrilhfiah tur a ni bawk.
[29] E. Kamlah, Spirit, Holy Spirit, NIDDNT
[30] Albertz and C.Westermann, “xaw2r ,” Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, vol. III, 1202.
[31] Ibid., 1204.
[32] BDB, 924.
[33] Ro 8:3; Is 25:4; Ezek 3:14; Thuf 29:11; Thur 10:4.
[34] Num 14:24; Jos 2:11, 5:1; Thuf 18:14.
[35] Mal 2:15, Sam 32:2, 106:33, 142:4, 143:4; Thur 7:9.
[36] Gen 41:8; Dan 2:1, 3, 7:15. Albertz and Westermann, TLOT, vol. III, 1212.
[37] Ibid., 1211.
[38] I Sam 10:10, 19:23. Ibid., 1214.
[39] J. Kremer, “pneuma,” Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, vol. 3 edited by Horst Balz and Gerhard Schneider (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company [1993], 1994), 118.
[40] Ibid., 117.
[41] Mk 2:8, 8:12; Mt 5:3; Lk 1:47, 50; Joh 11:33; II Kor 2:13)
[42] I Joh 4:1; II Thes 2;2. Kremer, EDNT, vol 3, 118-119.
[43] BDB, 675.
[44] Sjoberg, ‘pneuma,’ TDNT, vol. VI, 336, 337.
[45] Ibid.
[46] Schweizer, “yuch,” Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, vol. IX edited by Gerhard Friedrich (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, [1974], 1981), 649.
[47] Schweizer, “pneuma,” TDNT, vol. VI, 395, 396.
[48] Tin, remna Pathian ngei chuan in pumin tithianghlim che u rawh se; tin, in thlarau leh, in rilru leh, in taksa chu
[49] Rohmingliana, Trinity leh Mihring, 172.
[50] A. Sand, “yuch,” EDNT, vol. 3, 502.
[51] J. Kremer, “pneuma,” ENDT, vol. 3, 118.
[52] D. Michael Martin, The New American Commentary, vol. 33 (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 118.
[53] Pathian thu hi a nung a, thil a ti thei a, khandaih hriam tawn eng ang ai pawhin a hriam a, nunna leh thlarau, ruhtuah leh thling phel hrang khawp hialin a chhun thei a, \hinlunga ngaihtuah leh tumte hi a hre nghal thei a ni.
[54] Rohmingliana, Trinity leh Mihring, 172.
[55] Schweizer, TDNT, vol. IX, 651.
[56] Rohmingliana, An La Varpawh, 5, 6.
[57] Ka lâwm zel ang, LALPA-ah chuan,
Ka chhandamna Pathianah chuan ka lâwm cheu dawn.
[58] Adele Berlin, “Parallelism,” ABD.
[59] Chiastic Parallelism, Staircase Parallelism, Emblematic Parallelism, Janus Parallelism etc.
[60] John Nolland, Word Biblical Commentary Volume 35a Luke 1–9:20.
[61] Ibid.
[62] Alfred Plummer, The ICC: the Gospel According to S. Luke, 31.
[63] Ibid.
[64] Mihring thlarau sawina chu Hebrai \awnga ruah9 emaw, Greek \awnga pneuma emaw a ni a, chu chu mihring bung hrang zinga ropui ber a ni tih leh, \hen hnihna, nunna, rannungte nena angkhata kan neih, taksa thih ruala thi ve daih tur chu Hebrai \awnga nephesh emaw Greek \awnga psyche (soul) emaw a ni a, \hen thumna chu taksa hi a ni an tih ngaihdan hi TMEF trichotomy ka tihsak mai a ni.
[65] J.K. Chamblin, Psychology, Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospel, 765.
[66] Ibid., 766.
[67] Ibid., 769.
[68] Ibid., 770.
[69] II Kor. 7:1 ‘…tisa leh thlarau bawlhhlawhna zawng zawngah i intifai ang u.’
[70] Tin, remna Pathian ngei chuan in pumin tithianghlim che u rawh se; tin, in thlarau leh, in rilru leh, in taksa chu
[71] Guthrie, New Testament Theology, 165.
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