Zawnawlna

Monday, July 8, 2013

TEHKHINTHU (PARABLE) LEH A HRILHFIAHNA

tehkhinthu (parable) leh a hrilhfiahna

a awmzia

Greek awng hluiah chuan (Plato-a leh Socrates-ate hmandan)parabolê tih hi verb, paraballo tih aanga lak chhawn a ni a. paraballo tih chu thumal pahnih, para (kiangah/sirah) leh ballo (vawm-throw) tih inbelhbawm a ni. Hemi aanga chhut chuan parabole, a sapawnga parable awmzia chu ‘thil pahnih emaw, a aia tawm pawh, khaikhin theih tura dah dun/tlan’ tihna a ni. Sapawnga parable kan tih tak hian eng emaw chanchin tawi te te, awmze chi hnih emaw tal nei a kawk deuh ber a. a tlangpuithuin verb a tam duh hle a, hun kal tawh sawina (past tense) an ni tlangpui bawk. Suangtuahna leh thutak pai lo a ni ngawt lo va, nitin nun nena inzawm tak thu a ni tlangpui. Tehkhinthuah hian  dan naranin hmanrua a sawite hi thil tak tak an ni hin; entir nan, khawnvar a tihte khawnvar tak tak, chhang pawh chhang tak tak an ni hin. Thuthlung Hlui lamah chuan a hebrai awngin mashal an ti a. hei pawh hi a chunga kan sawi ang tho hian ‘thu sawi’ (saying), khaikhin tur awm sawina a ni. Thuthlung Tharah hian ‘tehkhinthu’ tihna parabole (Greek) hi vawi 48 vel hman a ni.

Tehkhinthu hrilhfiah a nih chhoh dan chanchin

1) Entir nei veka hrilhfiahna (allegorical interpretation)

Kristianna a lo ngial ngheh chhoh va, kohhran hun hmasa lamah khan kohhran pate khan hei hi an uar viau. An ngaihdanah chuan tehkhinthua a englai mai pawh khan awmzia an nei vek a ni. Entirna langsar tak mai chu Samari mi ha kha a ni (Lk. 10:30-37). Mi pakhat kha Adama a ni a, Jerusalem tih kha vanram sawina a ni a; suamhmang kha setana a ni a, samari mi ha kha Isua Krista tihna a ni. Chutiang zelin eng kim mai kha awmzia an pe vek mai a ni.

2) Julicher (1888,1899)

Adolf Julicher-a khan tehkhinthu hrilhfiahna lamah khan rahbi pawimawh taka tuk a. ani ngaihdan chuan a chunga kan sawi, entir nei veka hrilhfiahna (allegorical) hi a dik lo va. Isua tehkhinthute hi awlsam leh mawlmang te te, mi naran tan pawha hriatthiam mai theih an ni a, hrilhfiah leh hran pawh an ngai chuang lo, a ti. Kawh tum pakhat chauh a nei hin a, chumi sawifiah nan chuan khaikhinna/tehkhinna a hmang mai a ni a ti.

3) C. H. Dodd leh Joachim Jeremias

Anni hi mithiam chungchuang tak mai an ni a, 1935-1970 chhung khan nghawng an nei lian hle. Anni hi Julicher-a zirtirna khan a chiah hneh hle bawk. C. H. Dodd-a phei hi chu a chang phei chuan a kal na mah mah ve tho va. Khawvel buh seng thu kha ani ngaihdan chuan hun tawpa rorelna lo thleng tur sawina ni lovin Isua mihring mihrin laia a rawngbawlna a ni, a ti.

Anni hnuah phei hi chuan tehkhinthu hi thil pakhat sawifiah nana tehkhin/khaikhin tur dang dah a ni a, awngkam tinrengte hian awmze hran nei duah lovin tum pakhat a nei tlang ran a, chumi sawifiahna atana thawnthu inzep ve mai zawk a ni tih ngaihdan hi a lian hle.


Tehkhinthu hman chhan

Isuan tehkhin thu a hmang tamin a hmang thiam hle tih kan hre heuh va. Tehkhinthu hmang khan Pathian ram chanchin a sawifiah hin. chuti chung chuan hrilhfiah a ngai hin tih a lang. a thawnthua thu ngaihnawm emaw thu hlimawm lam emawah khan boral mai a hlauhawm leh tho si; a chhan chu tehkhinthute hian sawi tum an nei a ni. Thil pakhat, a bik takin Pathian Ram, sawifiahna turin hmuhfiah theihna tur darthlalang Isuan a hung mai zawk a ni. Thu ngaihnawm leh tluang pangngai tak phenah khan thuchah lai mu pakhat a kal raih reng a ni. Isuan Pathian Ram thu a hril lai khan a thuhretuten an hriatfiah awlsawm theih nan tehkhinthu a hmang mai a ni.[1]


Chutih rual vek chuan Isua thusawi pakhat hian mi a deng na ang reng hle thung a. Mk. 4:11, 12-ah chuan Isuan tehkhinthu a hman chhan danglam tak maiin a sawi a,  ‘Hmuh zawng an hmu thei na a, hriat erawh chu an hriat theih lohna tur leh, beng zawngin an hre thei na a, a ngaihna erawh chu an hriat theih lohna turin, chutilochuan an hawi kir leh ang a, ngaihdam an lo ni hlauh dah           ang e,’ a ti a. Pathian ram chu miin an hriatthiam loh va ngaihdam an nih loh nan a thup ni awm takin a lang thung.

Hei hi pathianin mi hen khat chhandama an awm loh nan a thup tihna  a ni lo va; Pathian ram chu thua puan chhuah a ni a, chu thu chu hriata zawm/chhanlet ve a pawimawhzia leh mipuite thinlung khauhzia a sawina a ni zawk.

Bible thu kawnghmang nei taka hrilhfiah a ul

Isua tehkhinthu kan sawia uar taka kan sawi tum chu a chiang thei tawh ang. Bible thu hi kalhmang chi hrang hrang neia ziah a ni hlawm a. thawnthu anga ziah (narrative) a awm a, tehkhinthu (parable) te, hla (hymn, poem, song) te, thu sawi pangngai (sayings) te, hun lo la awm tur hrilhhlawkna te leh kal phung chi hrang hrang (form) an ni hlawm a. hengte hi kalhmang hran heuh an nih avangin hrilhfiah dan tur pawh a inang thei lo a ni. Hla chu hla a nih ang takin hrilhfiah a angai a, thu (prose) nen huang khata dahin kawng hmang thuhmuna hrilhfiah chi a ni lo. Hla rau rauvah pawh hebraiho hian kalhmang an lo nei leh nual a. entirna pakhat a tan parallelism hi lo hmang ta ila.

Parallelism hi chi hrang hrang a awm a. Chu’ng zinga a pawimawh zualte chu Synonymous Parallelism, Antithetic Parallelism leh Synthetic Parallelism te an ni.[2]

Synonymous parallelism-ah chuan a tlar/châng hmasa zawka a sawi tawh kha \awngkam dang deuh, amaherawhchu awmze thuhmun chiah hmangin a sawi nawn leh \hin. A chunga Bible châng kan tarlan (Sam 103:10 leh Hab. 3:18) ang chi hi a ni; \awngkam hran, nimahsela awmze thuhmun sawina a ni.
Kan sualnate angin kan chungah a ti lo va,
Kan khawlohnate angin min thungrul hek lo. (Sam 103:10).

Antithetic Parallelism-ah chuan a hma ami letling chiah kha kan hmu a. Tlar/châng hmasaa mi kawp rem chiahin, nimahsela a kawlkalhzâwng (contrast) chiah khan hman a ni ve thung a. Entîr nan Thuf. 10:1 hi lo la chhuak leh ila:
Fapa fingin pa lawm a siam a,
Fapa â erawh chu nu rihna ni.
Synthetic parallelism chu tlemin a zia a hrang deuh. A hmaa mite anga thu awmze thuhmun, \awngkam danga sawi nawnna emaw, a kalhzawng chiaha sawina emaw lam a ni lo va. Thu inzawm leh inhrul tak, amaherawhchu a thu hmasa chhanna emaw ni kher si lo hi a ni. Entîr nan Thuriltu 11:2 thu hi han en leh chhin ila:
Chan tûr pe la, mi pasarih, pariat hnênah,
I hre si lo, lei chungah hian thil tha lo, lo tla tûr chu.

Hei hi Hebrai parallelism kal phung chu a ni a. Man chian a ngai hle a ni. Heng bâkah hian parallelism chi hrang hrang (Chiastic Parallelism, Staircase Parallelism, Emblematic Parallelism, Janus Parallelism)[3] a la awm cheu tho va; amaherawhchu heng zingah rau rau pawh hian Synonymous parallelism hi kan thlûr ber tur a ni zel dawn a ni, a dang a pawimawh lo tihna ni lovin.

Hetiang parallelism (Synonymous parallelism) hi Bible châng hmun tam takah kan hmu a. A awmzia fiah taka hrilhfiah dik thei tur chuan Bible ziaktute (Hebrai leh Greek) \awng kalphung kan hriat a pawimawh hle a ni. Chumi hre uk si lova Mizo \awng kalhmang pângngai ang ngiak ngiaka hrilhfiah kan tum mai chuan a ziaktute ziah leh sawi tum dan dik tak phawk chhuak zo tak tak lovin a \um tlâk zak theih a. Chumi ngaihthah duhna chu Bible sawidal tumna lian tak pakhat a niin, Bible thu chah a ngial a ngana pawm lohna thûk tak a ni.

Hemi zir chiang tur hian Luka 1:46, 47 (Mari fakna hla) hi lo bih chhin ila.
Tin, Marin, “Ka nun hian Lalpa a chawimawi e,
Ka thlarau pawh mi chhandamtu Pathian chungah a lâwm ta em em a.

Mari fak hla saka Lalpa chawimawitu leh Pathian chunga lawm em em hi nun leh thlarau, kan thu sawi kal lai mek, nunna (yuch-psyche) leh thlarau (pneuma-pneuma) kha a ni a. He chângah hian heng thu pahnihte hi hman kawp a ni.

He châng hi trichotomy \anfung \ha tak niin mithiamte pawhin a hre \hin. He chângah hian kan sawi tâk Synonymous parallelism­ ruangam kha hmun hnih laiah a lo lang reng mai a. ‘Chawimawi’ tih leh ‘lâwm’ tih hi Synonymous parallelism a ni a. Chutiang bawkin nunna leh thlarau tih pawh hi Synonymous parallelism a ni.[4]

Thu hi lak khirh vak kan tum lo va. Kan sawi tum zawk chu bible thu kalhmang hi fel taka kan man loh chuan hrilhfiah dik loh ve theih tak a ni, tih mai hi a ni. A chunga Hebrai hla kalphung, parallelism pawh hi a nihna han hre chiang ila hrilhfiahdan tur kan rilruah a lo lang thei ang. Hla chu hla a ni tih kan chhinchhiah a pawimawh hle ang. Tekhinthu pawh tehkhin thu hrilhfiahdan pangngai taka hrilhfiah mai tur a ni a. Pawh kawi chiam a awl ṭhin.





[1] Archibald. M. Hunter, Interpreting the Parables (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1960), 13.
[2]  Adele Berlin, “Parallelism,” ABD.
[3] Chiastic Parallelism, Staircase Parallelism, Emblematic Parallelism, Janus Parallelism etc.
[4] John Nolland, Word Biblical Commentary Volume 35a Luke 1–9:20.

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